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 [ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöÑóÇÍö]
æóÇáúÌöÑóÇÍõ ÕöäúÝóÇäö: ãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ Ýöíåö ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕõ Ãóæö ÇáÏøöíóÉõ Ãóæö ÇáúÚóÝúæõ. æóãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ Ýöíåö ÇáÏøöíóÉõ Ãóæö ÇáúÚóÝúæõ. æóáúäóÈúÏóÃú ÈöãóÇ Ýöíåö ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕõ¡ æóÇáäøóÙóÑõ ÃóíúÖðÇ åóÇåõäóÇ Ýöí ÔõÑõæØö ÇáúÌóÇÑöÍö æóÇáúÌõÑúÍö ÇáøóÐöí Èöåö íóÍöÞøõ ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕõ æóÇáúãóÌúÑõæÍõ¡ æóÝöí ÇáúÍõßúãö ÇáúæóÇÌöÈö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕõ¡ æóÝöí ÈóÏóáöåö Åöäú ßóÇäó áóåõ ÈóÏóáñ.
ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇÑöÍö æóíõÔúÊóÑóØõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇÑöÍö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõßóáøóÝðÇ ßóãóÇ íõÔúÊóÑóØõ Ðóáößó Ýöí ÇáúÞóÇÊöáö¡ æóåõæó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÈóÇáöÛðÇ ÚóÇÞöáðÇ¡ æóÇáúÈõáõæÛõ íóßõæäõ ÈöÇáöÇÍúÊöáóÇãö æóÇáÓøöäøö ÈöáóÇ ÎöáóÇÝò¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÎöáóÇÝõ Ýöí ãöÞúÏóÇÑöåö¡ ÝóÃóÞúÕóÇåõ ËóãóÇäöíó ÚóÔóÑóÉó ÓóäóÉð¡ æóÃóÞóáøõåõ ÎóãúÓó ÚóÔóÑóÉó ÓóäóÉð¡ æóÈöåö ÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ.
æóáóÇ ÎöáóÇÝó Ãóäøó ÇáúæóÇÍöÏó ÅöÐóÇ ÞóØóÚó ÚõÖúæó ÅöäúÓóÇäò æóÇÍöÏò ÇÞúÊõÕøó ãöäúåõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãöãøóÇ Ýöíåö ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕõ. æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÞóØóÚóÊú ÌóãóÇÚóÉñ ÚõÖúæðÇ æóÇÍöÏðÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó Ãóåúáõ ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö: áóÇ ÊõÞúØóÚõ íóÏóÇäö Ýöí íóÏò¡ æóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ æóÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ: ÊõÞúØóÚõ ÇáúÃóíúÏöí ÈöÇáúíóÏö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊõÞúÊóáõ ÚöäúÏóåõãõ ÇáúÃóäúÝõÓõ ÈöÇáäøóÝúÓö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏóÉö¡ æóÝóÑøóÞóÊö ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøóÉõ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÝúÓö æóÇáúÃóØúÑóÇÝö¡ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ ÊõÞúØóÚõ ÃóÚúÖóÇÁñ ÈöÚõÖúæò¡ æóÊõÞúÊóáõ ÃóäúÝõÓñ ÈöäóÝúÓò¡ æóÚöäúÏóåõãú Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóØúÑóÇÝó ÊóÊóÈóÚøóÖõ¡ æóÅöÒúåóÇÞó ÇáäøóÝúÓö áóÇ íóÊóÈóÚøóÖõ.
æóÇÎúÊõáöÝó Ýöí ÇáúÅöäúÈóÇÊö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ: åõæó ÈõáõæÛñ ÈöÅöØúáóÇÞò.
æóÇÎúÊóáóÝó ÇáúãóÐúåóÈõ Ýöíåö Ýöí ÇáúÍõÏõæÏö¡ åóáú åõæó ÈõáõæÛñ ÝöíåóÇ Ãóãú áóÇ¿ æóÇáúÃóÕúáõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ßõáøöåö ÍóÏöíËõ Èóäöí ÞõÑóíúÙóÉó «Ãóäøóåõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÊóáó ãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÃóäúÈóÊó æóÌóÑóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáúãóæóÇÓöí» ¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóÕúáó Ýöí ÇáÓøöäøö «ÍóÏöíËõ ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó Ãóäøóåõ ÚóÑóÖóåõ íóæúãó ÃõÍõÏò¡ æóåõæó ÇÈúäõ ÃóÑúÈóÚó ÚóÔúÑóÉó ÓóäóÉð Ýóáóãú íóÞúÈóáúåõ æóÞóÈöáóåõ íóæúãó ÃõÍõÏò æóåõæó ÇÈúäõ ÎóãúÓó ÚóÔúÑóÉó ÓóäóÉð» .

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ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÍö æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÍõ ÝóÅöäøóåõ íõÔúÊóÑóØõ Ýöíåö Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ïóãõåõ ãõßóÇÝöÆðÇ áöÏóãö ÇáúÌóÇÑöÍö æóÇáøóÐöí íõÄóËøöÑõ Ýöí ÇáÊøóßóÇÝõÄö ÇáúÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉõ æóÇáúßõÝúÑõ. ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÚóÈúÏõ æóÇáúÍõÑøõ ÝóÅöäøóåõãõ ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí æõÞõæÚö ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕö ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌõÑúÍö ßóÇÎúÊöáóÇÝöåöãú Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúÓö¡ Ýóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÑóÃóì Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íõÞúÊóÕøõ ãöäó ÇáúÍõÑøö áöáúÚóÈúÏö¡ æóíõÞúÊóÕøõ áöáúÍõÑøö ãöäó ÇáúÚóÈúÏö ßóÇáúÍóÇáö Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúÓö¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÑóÃóì Ãóäøóåõ íõÞúÊóÕøõ áößõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãóÇ ãöäú ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò¡ æóáóãú íõÝóÑøöÞú Èóíúäó ÇáúÌõÑúÍö æóÇáäøóÝúÓö¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÝóÑøóÞó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: íõÞúÊóÕøõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúáóì áöáúÃóÏúäóì Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúÓö æóÇáúÌõÑúÍö¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÞóÇáó: íõÞúÊóÕøõ ãöäó ÇáäøóÝúÓö Ïõæäó ÇáúÌõÑúÍö¡ æóÚóäú ãóÇáößò ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÊóÇäö.
æóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ßóãóÇ íõÞúÊóÕøõ ãöäó ÇáäøóÝúÓö Ãóäú íõÞúÊóÕøó ãöäó ÇáúÌõÑúÍö¡ ÝóåóÐöåö åöíó ÍóÇáõ ÇáúÚóÈöíÏö ãóÚó ÇáúÃóÍúÑóÇÑö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÍóÇáõ ÇáúÚóÈöíÏö ÈóÚúÖöåöãú ãóÚó ÈóÚúÖò¡ ÝóÅöäøó áöáúÚõáóãóÇÁö Ýöíåöãú ËóáóÇËóÉó ÃóÞúæóÇáò:
ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäøó ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕó Èóíúäóåõãú Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúÓö æóãóÇ ÏõæäóåóÇ¡ æóåõæó Þóæúáõ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö æóÌóãóÇÚóÉò¡ æóåõæó ãóÑúæöíøñ Úóäú ÚõãóÑó Èúäö ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö¡ æóåõæó Þóæúáõ ãóÇáößò.
æóÇáúÞóæúáõ ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ ÞöÕóÇÕó Èóíúäóåõãú áóÇ Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúÓö æóáóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÑúÍö¡ æóÃóäøóåõãú ßóÇáúÈóåóÇÆöãö¡ æóåõæó Þóæúáõ ÇáúÍóÓóäõ¡ æóÇÈúäö ÔõÈúÑõãóÉó æóÌóãóÇÚóÉò.
æóÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäøó ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕó Èóíúäóåõãú Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúÓö Ïõæäó ãóÇ ÏõæäóåóÇ¡ æóÈöåö ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóÇáËøóæúÑöíøõ¡ æóÑõæöíó Ðóáößó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò.
æóÚõãúÏóÉõ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞö ÇáúÃóæøóáö Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÇáúÚóÈúÏõ ÈöÇáúÚóÈúÏö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 178] .
æóÚõãúÏóÉõ ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøóÉö ãóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäú ÚöãúÑóÇäó Èúäö ÇáúÍõÕóíúäö «Ãóäøó ÚóÈúÏðÇ áöÞóæúãò ÝõÞóÑóÇÁó ÞóØóÚó ÃõÐõäó ÚóÈúÏò áöÞóæúãò ÃóÛúäöíóÇÁó¡ ÝóÃóÊóæúÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýóáóãú íóÞúÊóÕøó ãöäúåõ» ÝóåóÐóÇ åõæó Íõßúãõ ÇáäøóÝúÓö.

ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÑúÍö æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÌóÑúÍõ ÝóÅöäøóåõ íõÔúÊóÑóØõ Ýöíåö Ãóäú íóßõæäó Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÚóãúÏö (ÃóÚúäöí: ÇáúÌóÑúÍó ÇáøóÐöí íóÌöÈõ Ýöíåö ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕõ) ¡ æóÇáúÌóÑúÍõ áóÇ íóÎúáõæ Ãóäú íóßõæäó íõÊúáöÝõ ÌóÇÑöÍóÉð ãöäú ÌóæóÇÑöÍö ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÍö Ãóæú áóÇ íõÊúáöÝõ:
ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãöãøóÇ íõÊúáöÝõ ÌóÇÑöÍóÉð ÝóÇáúÚóãúÏõ Ýöíåö åõæó Ãóäú íóÞúÕöÏó ÖóÑúÈóåõ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÛóÖóÈö ÈöãóÇ íóÌúÑóÍõ ÛóÇáöÈðÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Åöäú ÌóÑóÍóåõ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇááøóÚöÈö Ãóæö ÇááøóÚöÈö ÈöãóÇ áóÇ íõÌúÑóÍõ Èöåö ÛóÇáöÈðÇ Ãóæú Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÃóÏóÈö¡ ÝóíõÔúÈöåõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ýöíåö ÇáúÎöáóÇÝõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÞóÚõ Ýöí ÇáúÞóÊúáö ÇáøóÐöí íóÊóæóáøóÏõ Úóäö ÇáÖøóÑúÈö Ýöí ÇááøóÚöÈö æóÇáúÃóÏóÈö ÈöãóÇ áóÇ íóÞúÊõáõ ÛóÇáöÈðÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÍóäöíÝóÉó íóÚúÊóÈöÑõ ÇáúÂáóÉó ÍóÊøóì íóÞõæáó: Åöäøó ÇáúÞóÇÊöáó ÈöÇáúãõËóÞøóáö áóÇ íõÞúÊóáõ æóåõæó ÔõÐõæÐñ ãöäúåõ (ÃóÚúäöí: ÈöÇáúÎöáóÇÝö åóáú Ýöíåö ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕõ Ãóæö ÇáÏøöíóÉõ Åöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÌõÑúÍõ ãöãøóÇ Ýöíåö ÇáÏøöíóÉõ) .

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æóÃóãøóÇ Åöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÌõÑúÍõ ÞóÏú ÃóÊúáóÝó ÌóÇÑöÍóÉð ãöäú ÌóæóÇÑöÍö ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÍö¡ Ýóãöäú ÔóÑúØö ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕó Ýöíåö ÇáúÚóãúÏõ ÃóíúÖðÇ ÈöáóÇ ÎöáóÇÝò¡ æóÝöí ÊóãúíöíÒö ÇáúÚóãúÏö ãöäúåõ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÇáúÚóãúÏö ÎöáóÇÝñ.
ÃóãøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÖóÑóÈóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÚõÖúæö äóÝúÓöåö ÝóÞóØóÚóåõ æóÖóÑóÈóåõ ÈöÂáóÉò ÊóÞúØóÚõ ÇáúÚõÖúæó ÛóÇáöÈðÇ¡ Ãóæú ÖóÑóÈóåõ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáäøóÇÆöÑóÉö ÝóáóÇ ÎöáóÇÝó Ãóäøó Ýöíåö ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕó.
æóÃóãøóÇ Åöäú ÖóÑóÈóåõ ÈöáóØúãóÉò Ãóæú ÓóæúØò Ãóæú ãóÇ ÃóÔúÈóåó Ðóáößó ãöãøóÇ ÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ ãöäúåõ Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóÞúÕöÏú ÅöÊúáóÇÝó ÇáúÚõÖúæö ãöËúáó Ãóäú íóáúØöãóåõ ÝóíóÝúÞóÃó Úóíúäóåõ¡ ÝóÇáøóÐöí Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ Ãóäøóåõ ÔöÈúåõ ÇáúÚóãúÏö æóáóÇ ÞöÕóÇÕó Ýöíåö¡ æóÝöíåö ÇáÏøöíóÉõ ãõÛóáøóÙóÉñ Ýöí ãóÇáöåö æóåöíó ÑöæóÇíóÉõ ÇáúÚöÑóÇÞöíøöíäó Úóäú ãóÇáößò¡ æóÇáúãóÔúåõæÑõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÐúåóÈö Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ÚóãúÏñ æóÝöíåö ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕõ ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÈö ãóÚó ÇÈúäöåö¡ æóÐóåóÈó ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó¡ æóÃóÈõæ íõæÓõÝó¡ æóãõÍóãøóÏñ Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÔöÈúåó ÇáúÚóãúÏö ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúÓö áóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÑúÍö.
æóÃóãøóÇ Åöäú ÌóÑóÍóåõ ÝóÃóÊúáóÝó ÚõÖúæðÇ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇááøóÚöÈö ÝóÝöíåö ÞóæúáóÇäö:
ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ: æõÌõæÈõ ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕö¡ æóÇáËøóÇäöí äóÝúíõåõ. æóãóÇ íóÌöÈõ Úóáóì åóÐóíúäö ÇáúÞóæúáóíúäö ÝóÝöíåö ÇáúÞóæúáóÇäö Þöíáó ÇáÏøöíóÉõ ãõÛóáøóÙóÉñ¡ æóÞöíáó ÏöíóÉõ ÇáúÎóØóÃö (ÃóÚúäöí: ÝöíãóÇ Ýöíåö ÏöíóÉñ) ¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÃóÏóÈö ÝóÝöíåö ÇáúÎöáóÇÝõ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇ íóÌöÈõ Ýöí ÌöÑóÇÍö ÇáúÚóãúÏö ÅöÐóÇ æóÞóÚóÊú Úóáóì ÇáÔøõÑõæØö ÇáøóÊöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇåóÇ Ýóåõæó ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕõ áöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÇáúÌõÑõæÍó ÞöÕóÇÕñ} [ÇáãÇÆÏÉ: 45] æóÐóáößó ÝöíãóÇ Ãóãúßóäó ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕõ Ýöíåö ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóÝöíãóÇ æõÌöÏó ãöäúåõ ãóÍóáøõ ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕö æóáóãú íõÎúÔó ãöäúåõ ÊóáóÝõ ÇáäøóÝúÓö.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÕóÇÑõæÇ áöåóÐóÇ áöãóÇ Ñõæöíó: «Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÑóÝóÚó ÇáúÞóæóÏó Ýöí ÇáúãóÃúãõæãóÉö æóÇáúãõäóÞøöáóÉö æóÇáúÌóÇÆöÝóÉö» ¡ ÝóÑóÃóì ãóÇáößñ æóãóäú ÞóÇáó ÈöÞóæúáöåö Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ Íõßúãõ ãóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöí ãóÚúäóì åóÐöåö ãöäó ÇáúÌöÑóÇÍö ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ãóÊóÇáöÝõ¡ ãöËúáõ ßóÓúÑö ÚóÙúãö ÇáÑøóÞóÈóÉö æóÇáÕøõáúÈö æóÇáÕøóÏúÑö æóÇáúÝóÎöÐö æóãóÇ ÃóÔúÈóåó Ðóáößó.
æóÞóÏö ÇÎúÊóáóÝó Þóæúáõ ãóÇáößò Ýöí ÇáúãõäóÞøöáóÉö¡ ÝóãóÑøóÉð ÞóÇáó: ÈöÇáúÞöÕóÇÕö¡ æóãóÑøóÉð ÞóÇáó ÈöÇáÏøöíóÉö.
æóßóÐóáößó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÚöäúÏó ãóÇáößò ÝöíãóÇ áóÇ íõãúßöäõ Ýöíåö ÇáÊøóÓóÇæöí Ýöí ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕö ãöËúáõ ÇáöÇÞúÊöÕóÇÕö ãöäú ÐóåóÇÈö ÈóÚúÖö ÇáäøóÙóÑö Ãóæú ÈóÚúÖö ÇáÓøóãúÚö¡ æóíóãúäóÚõ ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕó ÃóíúÖðÇ ÚöäúÏó ãóÇáößò ÚóÏóãõ ÇáúãöËúáö ãöËúáó Ãóäú íóÝúÞóÃó ÃóÚúãóì Úóíúäó ÈóÕöíÑò.
æóÇÎúÊóáóÝó ãöäú åóÐóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÚúæóÑö íóÝúÞóÃõ Úóíúäó ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö ÚóãúÏðÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: Åöäú ÃóÍóÈøó ÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ Ãóäú íóÓúÊóÞöíÏó ãöäúåõ Ýóáóåõ ÇáúÞóæóÏõ¡ æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÚóÝóÇ Úóäö ÇáúÞóæóÏö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó Þóæúãñ: Åöäú ÃóÍóÈøó Ýóáóåõ ÇáÏøöíóÉõ ßóÇãöáóÉð ÃóáúÝõ ÏöíäóÇÑò¡ æóåõæó ãóÐúåóÈõ ãóÇáößò¡ æóÞöíáó áóíúÓó áóåõ ÅöáøóÇ äöÕúÝõ ÇáÏøöíóÉö¡ æóÈöåö ÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ¡ æóåõæó ÃóíúÖðÇ ãóäúÞõæáñ

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Úóäú ãóÇáößò¡ æóÈöÞóæúáö ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÇáúÞóÇÓöãö¡ æóÈöÇáúÞóæúáö ÇáúÂÎóÑö ÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÛöíÑóÉõ ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö æóÇÈúäõ ÏöíäóÇÑò. æóÞóÇáó ÇáúßõæÝöíøõæäó: áóíúÓó áöáÕøóÍöíÍö ÇáøóÐöí ÝõÞöÆóÊú Úóíúäõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÞóæóÏõ Ãóæú ãóÇ ÇÕúØóáóÍóÇ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÞóÏú Þöíáó áóÇ íóÓúÊóÞöíÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúæóÑö æóÚóáóíúåö ÇáÏøöíóÉõ ßóÇãöáóÉð¡ Ñõæöíó åóÐóÇ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøóÈö¡ æóÚóäú ÚõËúãóÇäó.
æóÚõãúÏóÉõ ÕóÇÍöÈö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö Ãóäøó Úóíúäó ÇáúÃóÚúæóÑö ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö Úóíúäóíúäö¡ Ýóãóäú ÝóÞóÃóåóÇ Ýöí æóÇÍöÏóÉò ÝóßóÃóäøóåõ ÇÞúÊóÕøó ãöäö ÇËúäóíúäö Ýöí æóÇÍöÏóÉò¡ æóÅöáóì äóÍúæö åóÐóÇ ÐóåóÈó ãóäú ÑóÃóì Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÊóÑóßó ÇáúÞóæóÏó Ãóäøó áóåõ ÏöíóÉð ßóÇãöáóÉð¡ æóíóáúÒóãõ ÍóÇãöáó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö Ãóäú áóÇ íóÓúÊóÞöíÏó ÖóÑõæÑóÉð¡ æóãóäú ÞóÇáó ÈöÇáúÞóæóÏö æóÌóÚóáó ÇáÏøöíóÉó äöÕúÝó ÇáÏøöíóÉö Ýóåõæó ÃóÍúÑóÒõ áöÃóÕúáöåö¡ ÝóÊóÃóãøóáúåõ ÝóÅöäøóåõ Èóíøóäó ÈöäóÝúÓöåö æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
æóÃóãøóÇ åóáö ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÍõ ãõÎóíøóÑñ Èóíúäó ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕö æóÃóÎúÐö ÇáÏøöíóÉö¡ Ãóãú áóíúÓó áóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕõ ÝóÞóØú ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÕúØóáöÍóÇ Úóáóì ÃóÎúÐö ÇáÏøöíóÉö¿ ÝóÝöíåö ÇáúÞóæúáóÇäö Úóäú ãóÇáößò ãöËúáó ÇáúÞóæúáóíúäö Ýöí ÇáúÞóÊúáö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÃóÍóÏõ Þóæúáóíú ãóÇáößò Ýöí ÇáúÃóÚúæóÑö íóÝúÞóÃõ Úóíúäó ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö: Ãóäøó ÇáÕøóÍöíÍó íõÎóíøóÑõ Èóíúäó Ãóäú íóÝúÞóÃó Úóíúäó ÇáúÃóÚúæóÑö Ãóæú íóÃúÎõÐó ÇáÏøöíóÉó ÃóáúÝó ÏöíäóÇÑò Ãóæú ÎóãúÓóãöÇÆóÉò Úóáóì ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö Ýöí Ðóáößó.
æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÊóì íõÓúÊóÞóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÌõÑúÍö¿ ÝóÚöäúÏó ãóÇáößò Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íõÓúÊóÞóÇÏõ ãöäú ÌõÑúÍò ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇäúÏöãóÇáöåö¡ æóÚöäúÏó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö Úóáóì ÇáúÝóæúÑö¡ ÝóÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ ÊóãóÓøóßó ÈöÇáÙøóÇåöÑö.
æóãóÇáößñ ÑóÃóì Ãóäú íõÚúÊóÈóÑó ãóÇ íóÆõæáõ Åöáóíúåö ÃóãúÑõ ÇáúÌõÑúÍö ãóÎóÇÝóÉó Ãóäú íõÝúÖöíó Åöáóì ÅöÊúáóÇÝö ÇáäøóÝúÓö.
ÇÎúÊóáóÝó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁõ Ýöí ÇáúãõÞúÊóÕøö ãöäó ÇáúÌõÑúÍö íóãõæÊõ ÇáúãõÞúÊóÕøõ ãöäúåõ Ðóáößó ÇáúÌõÑúÍö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ æóÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ æóÃóÈõæ íõæÓõÝó æóãõÍóãøóÏñ áóÇ ÔóíúÁó Úóáóì ÇáúãõÞúÊóÕøö¡ æóÑõæöíó Úóäú Úóáöíøò æóÚõãóÑó ãöËúáõ Ðóáößó¡ æóÈöåö ÞóÇáó: ÃóÍúãóÏõ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ËóæúÑò¡ æóÏóÇæõÏõ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó¡ æóÇáËøóæúÑöíøõ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí áóíúáóì æóÌóãóÇÚóÉñ: ÅöÐóÇ ãóÇÊó æóÌóÈó Úóáóì ÚóÇÞöáóÉö ÇáúãõÞúÊóÕøö ÇáÏøöíóÉõ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú: åöíó Ýöí ãóÇáöåö. æóÞóÇáó ÚõËúãóÇäõ ÇáúÈóÊøöíøõ: íóÓúÞõØõ Úóäúåõ ãöäó ÇáÏøöíóÉö ÞóÏúÑõ ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÇÞúÊóÕøó ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóåõæó Þóæúáõ ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò.
ÝóÚõãúÏóÉõ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞö ÇáúÃóæøóáö ÅöÌúãóÇÚõåõãú Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÓøóÇÑöÞó ÅöÐóÇ ãóÇÊó ãöäú ÞóØúÚö íóÏöåö Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ ÔóíúÁó Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöí ÞóØóÚó íóÏóåõ. æóÚõãúÏóÉõ ÃóÈöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÊúáõ ÎóØóÃò æóÌóÈóÊú Ýöíåö ÇáÏøöíóÉõ.
æóáóÇ íõÞóÇÏõ ÚöäúÏó ãóÇáößò Ýöí ÇáúÍóÑøö ÇáÔøóÏöíÏö æóáóÇ ÇáúÈóÑúÏö ÇáÔøóÏöíÏö¡ æóíõÄóÎøóÑõ Ðóáößó ãóÎóÇÝóÉó Ãóäú íóãõæÊó ÇáúãõÞóÇÏõ ãöäúåõ¡ æóÞóÏú Þöíáó: Åöäøó ÇáúãóßóÇäó ÔóÑúØñ Ýöí ÌóæóÇÒö ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕö æóåõæó ÛóíúÑõ ÇáúÍóÑóãö¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ åõæó Íõßúãõ ÇáúÚóãúÏö Ýöí ÇáúÌöäóÇíóÇÊö Úóáóì ÇáäøóÝúÓö æóÝöí ÇáúÌöäóÇíóÇÊö Úóáóì ÃóÚúÖóÇÁö ÇáúÈóÏóäö¡ æóíóäúÈóÛöí Ãóäú äóÕöíÑó Åöáóì Íõßúãö ÇáúÎóØóÃö Ýöí Ðóáößó¡ æóäóÈúÊóÏöÆó ÈöÍõßúãö ÇáúÎóØóÃö Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúÓö.

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[ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÏøöíóÇÊö Ýöí ÇáäøõÝõæÓö]
æóÇáúÃóÕúáõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóãóäú ÞóÊóáó ãõÄúãöäðÇ ÎóØóÃð ÝóÊóÍúÑöíÑõ ÑóÞóÈóÉò ãõÄúãöäóÉò æóÏöíóÉñ ãõÓóáøóãóÉñ Åöáóì Ãóåúáöåö ÅöáÇ Ãóäú íóÕøóÏøóÞõæÇ} [ÇáäÓÇÁ: 92] .
æóÇáÏøöíóÇÊõ ÊóÎúÊóáöÝõ Ýöí ÇáÔøóÑöíÚóÉö ÈöÍóÓóÈö ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáÏøöãóÇÁö¡ æóÈöÍóÓóÈö ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóáúÒóãõåõãõ ÇáÏøöíóÉõ¡ æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÊóÎúÊóáöÝõ ÈöÍóÓóÈö ÇáúÚóãúÏö ÅöÐóÇ ÑóÖöíó ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóÇäö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãóäú áóåõ ÇáúÞóæóÏõ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ãöäó ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö.
æóÇáäøóÙóÑõ Ýöí ÇáÏøöíóÉö åõæó Ýöí ãõæÌöÈöåóÇ (ÃóÚúäöí: Ýöí Ãóíøö ÞóÊúáò ÊóÌöÈõ) ¡ Ëõãøó Ýöí äóæúÚöåóÇ æóÝöí ÞóÏúÑöåóÇ¡ æóÝöí ÇáúæóÞúÊö ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÌöÈõ Ýöíåö¡ æóÚóáóì ãóäú ÊóÌöÈõ.
ÝóÃóãøóÇ Ýöí Ãóíøö ÞóÊúáò ÊóÌöÈõ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãõ ÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì ÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóÌöÈõ Ýöí ÞóÊúáö ÇáúÎóØóÃö¡ æóÝöí ÇáúÚóãúÏö ÇáøóÐöí íóßõæäõ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ãõßóáøóÝò ãöËúáö ÇáúãóÌúäõæäö æóÇáÕøóÈöíøö¡ æóÝöí ÇáúÚóãúÏö ÇáøóÐöí Êóßõæäõ ÍõÑúãóÉõ ÇáúãóÞúÊõæáö Ýöíåö äóÇÞöÕóÉð Úóäú ÍõÑúãóÉö ÇáúÞóÇÊöáö¡ ãöËúáó ÇáúÍõÑøö æóÇáúÚóÈúÏö.
æóãöäú ÞóÊúáö ÇáúÎóØóÃó ãóÇ ÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÎóØóÃñ¡ æóãöäúåõ ãóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöíåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÕóÏúÑñ ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ æóÓóíóÃúÊöí ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõåõãú Ýöí ÊóÖúãöíäö ÇáÑøóÇßöÈö æóÇáÓøóÇÆöÞö æóÇáúÞóÇÆöÏö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÞóÏúÑõåóÇ æóäóæúÚõåóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãõ ÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÏöíóÉó ÇáúÍõÑøö ÇáúãõÓúáöãö Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúÅöÈöáö ãöÇÆóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö¡ æóåöíó Ýöí ãóÐúåóÈö ãóÇáößò ËóáóÇËõ ÏöíóÇÊò: ÏöíóÉõ ÇáúÎóØóÃö¡ æóÏöíóÉõ ÇáúÚóãúÏö ÅöÐóÇ ÞõÈöáóÊú¡ æóÏöíóÉõ ÔöÈúåö ÇáúÚóãúÏö. æóåöíó ÚöäúÏó ãóÇáößò Ýöí ÇáúÃóÔúåóÑö Úóäúåõ ãöËúáõ ÝöÚúáö ÇáúãõÏúáöÌöíøö ÈöÇÈúäöåö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ ÝóÇáÏøöíóÉõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÇËúäóÇäö ÝóÞóØú: ãõÎóÝøóÝóÉñ æóãõÛóáøóÙóÉñ. ÝóÇáúãõÎóÝøóÝóÉõ ÏöíóÉõ ÇáúÎóØóÃö¡ æóÇáúãõÛóáøóÙóÉõ ÏöíóÉõ ÇáúÚóãúÏö æöÏöíóÉõ ÔöÈúåö ÇáúÚóãúÏö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó ÝóÇáÏøöíóÇÊõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÇËúäóÇäö ÃóíúÖðÇ: ÏöíóÉõ ÇáúÎóØóÃö¡ æóÏöíóÉõ ÔöÈúåö ÇáúÚóãúÏö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÚöäúÏóåõ ÏöíóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÚóãúÏö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáúæóÇÌöÈõ ÚöäúÏóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóãúÏö ãóÇ ÇÕúØóáóÍóÇ Úóáóíúåö æóåõæó ÍóÇáøñ Úóáóíúåö ÛóíúÑõ ãõÄóÌøóáò¡ æóåõæó ãóÚúäóì Þóæúáö ãóÇáößò ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑö ; áöÃóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ áóãú ÊóáúÒóãúåõ ÇáÏøöíóÉõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇÕúØöáóÇÍò ÝóáóÇ ãóÚúäóì áöÊóÓúãöíóÊöåóÇ ÏöíóÉð ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäúåõ ÃóäøóåóÇ Êóßõæäõ ãõÄóÌøóáóÉð ßóÏöíóÉö ÇáúÎóØóÃö ÝóåõäóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ ÍõßúãõåóÇ Úóäú Íõßúãö ÇáúãóÇáö ÇáúãõÕúØóáóÍö Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÏöíóÉõ ÇáúÚóãúÏö ÚöäúÏóåõ ÃóÑúÈóÇÚñ: ÎóãúÓñ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÈöäúÊó ãóÎóÇÖò¡ æóÎóãúÓñ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÈöäúÊó áóÈõæäò¡ æóÎóãúÓñ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÍöÞøóÉð¡ æóÎóãúÓñ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÌóÐóÚóÉð¡ æóåõæó Þóæúáõ ÇÈúäö ÔöåóÇÈò æóÑóÈöíÚóÉó¡ æóÇáÏøöíóÉõ ÇáúãõÛóáøóÙóÉõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÃóËúáóÇËðÇ: ËóáóÇËõæäó ÍöÞøóÉð¡ æóËóáóÇËõæäó ÌóÐóÚóÉð¡ æóÃóÑúÈóÚõæäó ÎóáöÝóÉð (æóåöíó ÇáúÍóæóÇãöáõ) ¡ æóáóÇ Êóßõæäõ ÇáúãõÛóáøóÙóÉõ ÚöäúÏóåõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑö ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ãöËúáö ÝöÚúáö ÇáúãõÏúáöÌöíøö ÈöÇÈúäöåö.
æóÚöäúÏó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö ÃóäøóåóÇ Êóßõæäõ Ýöí ÔöÈúåö ÇáúÚóãúÏö ÃóËúáóÇËðÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ æóÑóæóì Ðóáößó ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóäú ÚõãóÑó æóÒóíúÏö Èúäö ËóÇÈöÊò.
æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ËóæúÑò: ÇáÏøöíóÉõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóãúÏö ÅöÐóÇ ÚóÝóÇ æóáöíøõ ÇáÏøóãö ÃóÎúãóÇÓðÇ ßóÏöíóÉö ÇáúÎóØóÃö.
æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÃóÓúäóÇäö ÇáúÅöÈöáö Ýöí ÏöíóÉö ÇáúÎóØóÃö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ¡ æóÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ: åöíó ÃóÎúãóÇÓñ: ÚöÔúÑõæäó

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ÇÈúäóÉó ãóÎóÇÖò¡ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÇÈúäóÉó áóÈõæäò¡ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÇÈúäó áóÈõæäò ÐóßóÑðÇ¡ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÍöÞøóÉð¡ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÌóÐóÚóÉð¡ æóåõæó ãóÑúæöíøñ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÔöåóÇÈò æóÑóÈöíÚóÉó. æóÈöåö ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ¡ ÃóÚúäöí: ÇáÊøóÎúãöíÓó¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõãú ÌóÚóáõæÇ ãóßóÇäó ÇÈúäö áóÈõæäò ÐóßóÑò ÇÈúäó ãóÎóÇÖò ÐóßóÑðÇ. æóÑõæöíó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò ÇáúæóÌúåóÇäö ÌóãöíÚðÇ.
æóÑõæöíó Úóäú ÓóíøöÏöäóÇ Úóáöíøò Ãóäøóåõ ÌóÚóáóåóÇ ÃóÑúÈóÇÚðÇ¡ ÃóÓúÞóØó ãöäúåóÇ ÇáúÎóãúÓó æóÇáúÚöÔúÑöíäó Èóäöí áóÈõæäò¡ æóÅöáóíúåö ÐóåóÈó ÚõãóÑõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö¡ æóáóÇ ÍóÏöíËó Ýöí Ðóáößó ãõÓúäóÏñ¡ ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉö - æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ - ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÚõãóÑó Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÈóÑøö.
æóÎóÑøóÌó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ æóÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: «Ýöí ÏöíóÉö ÇáúÎóØóÃö ÚöÔúÑõæäó ÈöäúÊó ãóÎóÇÖò¡ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÇÈúäó ãóÎóÇÖò ÐõßõæÑñ¡ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÈóäóÇÊö áóÈõæäò æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÌóÐóÚóÉð¡ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÍöÞøóÉð» æóÇÚúÊóáøó áöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈõæ ÚõãóÑó ÈöÃóäøóåõ Ñõæöíó Úóäú ÍóäöíÝö Èúäö ãóÇáößò¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò (æóåõæó ãóÌúåõæáñ) ÞóÇáó: æóÃóÍóÈøõ Åöáóíøó Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉõ Úóäú Úóáöíøòº áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íõÎúÊóáóÝú Ýöí Ðóáößó Úóáóíúåö ßóãóÇ ÇÎúÊõáöÝó Úóáóì ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò.
æóÎóÑøóÌó ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó Úóäú ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÔõÚóíúÈò¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö¡ Úóäú ÌóÏøöåö «Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÖóì Ãóäøó ãóäú ÞõÊöáó ÎóØóÃð ÝóÏöíóÊõåõ ãöÇÆóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö: ËóáóÇËõæäó ÈöäúÊó ãóÎóÇÖò¡ æóËóáóÇËõæäó ÈöäúÊó áóÈõæäò¡ æóËóáóÇËõæäó ÍöÞøóÉð¡ æóÚóÔóÑóÉõ Èóäöí áóÈõæäò ÐõßõæÑò» . ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÓõáóíúãóÇäó ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈöíøõ: åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó áóÇ ÃóÚúÑöÝõ ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑöíäó ÞóÇáó Èöåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÃóßúËóÑõ ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö: Åöäøó ÏöíóÉó ÇáúÎóØóÃö ÃóÎúãóÇÓñ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇÝö.
æóÞóÏú Ñõæöíó Ãóäøó ÏöíóÉó ÇáúÎóØóÃö ãõÑóÈøóÚóÉñ Úóäú ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö¡ æóåõãõ ÇáÔøóÚúÈöíøõ æóÇáäøóÎóÚöíøõ¡ æóÇáúÍóÓóäõ ÇáúÈóÕúÑöíøõ. æóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÌóÚóáõæåóÇ ÎóãúÓðÇ æóÚöÔúÑöíäó ÌóÐóÚóÉð¡ æóÎóãúÓðÇ æóÚöÔúÑöíäó ÍöÞøóÉð¡ æóÎóãúÓðÇ æóÚöÔúÑöíäó ÈóäóÇÊö áóÈõæäò¡ æóÎóãúÓðÇ æóÚöÔúÑöíäó ÈóäóÇÊö ãóÎóÇÖò. ßóãóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäú Úóáöíøò æóÎóÑøóÌóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÕóÇÑó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ Åöáóì ÊóÎúãöíÓö ÏöíóÉö ÇáúÎóØóÃö: ÚöÔúÑõæäó ÍöÞøóÉð¡ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÌóÐóÚóÉð¡ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÈöäúÊó ãóÎóÇÖò¡ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÈöäúÊó áóÈõæäò¡ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó Èóäöí ãóÎóÇÖò ÐóßóÑò. æóÅöäú ßóÇäó áóãú íóÊøóÝöÞõæÇ Úóáóì Èóäöí ÇáúãóÎóÇÖöº áöÃóäøóåóÇ

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áóãú ÊõÐúßóÑú Ýöí ÃóÓúäóÇäò ÝöíåóÇ. æóÞöíóÇÓõ ãóäú ÃóÎóÐó ÈöÍóÏöíËö ÇáÊøóÎúãöíÓö Ýöí ÇáúÎóØóÃö¡ æóÍóÏöíËö ÇáÊøóÑúÈöíÚö Ýöí ÔöÈúåö ÇáúÚóãúÏö Åöäú ËóÈóÊó åóÐóÇ.
ÇáäøóæúÚõ ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäú íóÞõæáó Ýöí ÏöíóÉö ÇáúÚóãúÏö ÈöÇáÊøóËúáöíËö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÏú Ñóæóì Ðóáößó Úóäö ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö¡ æóãóäú áóãú íóÞõáú ÈöÇáÊøóËúáöíËö ÔóÈøóåó ÇáúÚóãúÏó ÈöãóÇ Ïõæäóåõ. ÝóåóÐóÇ åõæó ãóÔúåõæÑõ ÃóÞóÇæöíáöåöãú Ýöí ÇáÏøöíóÉö ÇáøóÊöí Êóßõæäõ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúÅöÈöáö.
æóÃóãøóÇ Ãóåúáõ ÇáÐøóåóÈö æóÇáúæóÑöÞö ÝóÅöäøóåõãõ ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ ÝöíãóÇ íóÌöÈõ ãöäú Ðóáößó Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ: Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáÐøóåóÈö ÃóáúÝõ ÏöíäóÇÑò¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúæóÑöÞö ÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó ÃóáúÝó ÏöÑúåóãò¡ æóÞóÇáó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÚöÑóÇÞö: Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúæóÑöÞö ÚóÔóÑóÉõ ÂáóÇÝö ÏöÑúåóãò¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ ÈöãöÕúÑó: áóÇ íõÄúÎóÐõ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáÐøóåóÈö æóáóÇ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúæóÑöÞö ÅöáøóÇ ÞöíãóÉõ ÇáúÅöÈöáö ÈóÇáöÛóÉð ãóÇ ÈóáóÛóÊú.
æóÞóæúáõåõ ÈöÇáúÚöÑóÇÞö ãöËúáõ Þóæúáö ãóÇáößò. æóÚõãúÏóÉõ ãóÇáößò ÊóÞúæöíãõ ÚõãóÑó Èúäö ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö ÇáúãöÇÆóÉó ãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáÐøóåóÈö ÈöÃóáúÝö ÏöíäóÇÑò¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúæóÑöÞö ÈöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ÃóáúÝó ÏöÑúåóãò. æóÚõãúÏóÉõ ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøóÉö ãóÇ ÑóæóæúÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóäú ÚõãóÑó Ãóäøóåõ Þóæøóãó ÇáÏøöíäóÇÑó ÈöÚóÔóÑóÉö ÏóÑóÇåöãó¡ æóÅöÌúãóÇÚõåõãú Úóáóì ÊóÞúæöíãö ÇáúãöËúÞóÇáö ÈöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ ÝóíóÞõæáõ: Åöäøó ÇáúÃóÕúáó Ýöí ÇáÏøöíóÉö ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ãöÇÆóÉõ ÈóÚöíÑò¡ æóÚõãóÑõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÌóÚóáó ÝöíåóÇ ÃóáúÝó ÏöíäóÇÑò Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáÐøóåóÈö¡ æóÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ÃóáúÝó ÏöÑúåóãò Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúæóÑöÞöº áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ßóÇäó ÞöíãóÉó ÇáúÅöÈöáö ãöäó ÇáÐøóåóÈö æóÇáúæóÑöÞö Ýöí ÒóãóÇäöåö¡ æóÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ áóåõ ãóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäú ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÔõÚóíúÈò Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö Úóäú ÌóÏøöåö Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: «ßóÇäóÊö ÇáÏøöíóÇÊõ Úóáóì ÚóåúÏö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ËóãóÇäóãöÇÆóÉö ÏöíäóÇÑò æóËóãóÇäöíóÉó ÂáóÇÝö ÏöÑúåóãò¡ æóÏöíóÉõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Úóáóì ÇáäøöÕúÝö ãöäú ÏöíóÉö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó.
ÞóÇáó: ÝóßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÍóÊøóì ÇÓúÊõÎúáöÝó ÚõãóÑõ¡ ÝóÞóÇãó ÎóØöíÈðÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: Åöäøó ÇáúÅöÈöáó ÞóÏú ÛóáóÊú¡ ÝóÝóÑóÖóåóÇ ÚõãóÑõ Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúæóÑöÞö ÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ÃóáúÝó ÏöÑúåóãò¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáÐøóåóÈö ÃóáúÝó ÏöíäóÇÑò¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúÈóÞóÑö ãöÇÆóÊóíú ÈóÞóÑóÉò¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáÔøóÇÉö ÃóáúÝóíú ÔóÇÉò¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúÍõáóáö ãöÇÆóÊóíú ÍõáøóÉò. æóÊóÑóßó ÏöíóÉó Ãóåúáö ÇáÐøöãøóÉö áóãú íóÑúÝóÚú ÝöíåóÇ ÔóíúÆðÇ» .
æóÇÍúÊóÌøó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáäøóÇÓö áöãóÇáößòº áöÃóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó ÊóÞúæöíãõ ÚõãóÑó ÈóÏóáðÇ áóßóÇäó ÏóíúäðÇ ÈöÏóíúäòº áöÅöÌúãóÇÚöåöãú Ãóäøó ÇáÏøöíóÉó Ýöí ÇáúÎóØóÃö ãõÄóÌøóáóÉñ áöËóáóÇËö Óöäöíäó. æóãóÇáößñ æóÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóÌóãóÇÚóÉñ ãõÊøóÝöÞõæäó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÏøöíóÉó áóÇ ÊõÄúÎóÐõ ÅöáøóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö Ãóæö ÇáÐøóåóÈö Ãóæö ÇáúæóÑöÞö.
æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ íõæÓõÝó æóãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÇáúÍóÓóäö æóÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁõ ÇáÓøóÈúÚóÉõ ÇáúãóÏóäöíøõæäó: íõæÖóÚõ Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáÔøóÇÉö ÃóáúÝóÇ

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ÔóÇÉò¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúÈóÞóÑö ãöÇÆóÊóÇ ÈóÞóÑóÉò¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúÈõÑõæÏö ãöÇÆóÊóÇ ÍõáøóÉò. æóÚõãúÏóÊõåõãú ÍóÏöíËõ ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÔõÚóíúÈò Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö Úóäú ÌóÏøöåö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãö. æóãóÇ ÃóÓúäóÏóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑö Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ÔóíúÈóÉó Úóäú ÚóØóÇÁò «Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÖóÚó ÇáÏøöíóÉó Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö Ýöí ÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú ãóÇ ßóÇäóÊú Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúÅöÈöáö ãöÇÆóÉõ ÈóÚöíÑò¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáÔøóÇÉö ÃóáúÝóÇ ÔóÇÉò¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúÈóÞóÑö ãöÇÆóÊóÇ ÈóÞóÑóÉò¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúÈõÑõæÏö ãöÇÆóÊóÇ ÍõáøóÉò» . æóãóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäú ÚõãóÑó Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö Ãóäøóåõ ßóÊóÈó Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÌúäóÇÏö Ãóäøó ÇáÏøöíóÉó ßóÇäóÊú Úóáóì ÚóåúÏö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãöÇÆóÉó ÈóÚöíÑò.
ÞóÇáó: ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÕóÇÈóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈö ÝóÏöíóÊõåõ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö¡ áóÇ íõßóáøóÝõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈöíøõ ÇáÐøóåóÈó æóáóÇ ÇáúæóÑöÞó. ÝóÅöäú áóãú íóÌöÏö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈöíøõ ãöÇÆóÉð ãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö ÝóÚóÏúáõåóÇ ãöäó ÇáÔøóÇÉö ÃóáúÝó ÔóÇÉò. æóáöÃóäøó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÚöÑóÇÞö ÃóíúÖðÇ ÑóæóæúÇ Úóäú ÚõãóÑó ãöËúáó ÍóÏöíËö ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÔõÚóíúÈò Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö Úóäú ÌóÏøöåö äóÕøðÇ.
æóÚõãúÏóÉõ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞö ÇáúÃóæøóáö Ãóäøóåõ áóæú ÌóÇÒó Ãóäú ÊõÞóæøóãó ÈöÇáÔøóÇÉö æóÇáúÈóÞóÑö áóÌóÇÒó Ãóäú ÊõÞóæøóãó ÈöÇáØøóÚóÇãö Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáØøóÚóÇãö¡ æóÈöÇáúÎóíúáö Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúÎóíúáö¡ æóåóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÞõæáõ Èöåö ÃóÍóÏñ.
æóÇáäøóÙóÑõ Ýöí ÇáÏøöíóÉö ßóãóÇ ÞõáúÊõ åõæó Ýöí äóæúÚöåóÇ¡ æóÝöí ãöÞúÏóÇÑöåóÇ¡ æóÚóáóì ãóäú ÊóÌöÈõ¡ æóÝöíãóÇ ÊóÌöÈõ¡ æóãóÊóì ÊóÌöÈõ¿ ÃóãøóÇ äóæúÚõåóÇ æóãöÞúÏóÇÑõåóÇ ÝóÞóÏú ÊóßóáøóãúäóÇ Ýöíåö Ýöí ÇáÐøõßõæÑö ÇáúÃóÍúÑóÇÑö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó.
æóÃóãøóÇ Úóáóì ãóäú ÊóÌöÈõ ÝóáóÇ ÎöáóÇÝó Èóíúäóåõãú Ãóäøó ÏöíóÉó ÇáúÎóØóÃö ÊóÌöÈõ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇÞöáóÉö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ Íõßúãñ ãóÎúÕõæÕñ ãöäú Úõãõæãö Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáÇ ÊóÒöÑõ æóÇÒöÑóÉñ æöÒúÑó ÃõÎúÑóì} [ÇáÃäÚÇã: 164] æóãöäú Þóæúáöåö - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ -: áöÃóÈöí ÑóãúËóÉó æóæóáóÏöåö: «áóÇ íóÌúäöí Úóáóíúßó¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÌúäöí Úóáóíúåö» .
æóÃóãøóÇ ÏöíóÉõ ÇáúÚóãúÏö ÝóÌõãúåõæÑõåõãú Úóáóì ÃóäøóåóÇ áóíúÓóÊú Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇÞöáóÉöº áöãóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóáóÇ ãõÎóÇáöÝó áóåõ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " áóÇ ÊóÍúãöáõ ÇáúÚóÇÞöáóÉõ ÚóãúÏðÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝðÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÕõáúÍðÇ Ýöí ÚóãúÏò ".
æóÌõãúåõæÑõåõãú Úóáóì ÃóäøóåóÇ áóÇ ÊóÍúãöáõ ãóäú ÃóÕóÇÈó äóÝúÓóåõ ÎóØóÃð¡ æóÔóÐøó ÇáúÃóæúÒóÇÚöíøõ ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóäú ÐóåóÈó íóÖúÑöÈõ ÇáúÚóÏõæøó¡ ÝóÞóÊóáó äóÝúÓóåõ - ÝóÚóáóì ÚóÇÞöáóÊöåö ÇáÏøöíóÉõ. æóßóÐóáößó ÚöäúÏóåõãú Ýöí ÞóØúÚö ÇáúÃóÚúÖóÇÁö. æóÑõæöíó Úóäú ÚõãóÑó Ãóäøó ÑóÌõáðÇ ÝóÞóÃó Úóíúäó äóÝúÓöåö ÎóØóÃð¡ ÝóÞóÖóì áóåõ ÚõãóÑõ ÈöÏöíóÊöåóÇ Úóáóì ÚóÇÞöáóÊöåö.
æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÏöíóÉö ÔöÈúåö ÇáúÚóãúÏö æóÝöí ÇáÏøöíóÉö ÇáúãõÛóáøóÙóÉö Úóáóì Þóæúáóíúäö¡ æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÏöíóÉö ãóÇ ÌóäóÇåõ ÇáúãóÌúäõæäõ æóÇáÕøóÈöíøõ Úóáóì ãóäú ÊóÌöÈõ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóÌóãóÇÚóÉñ: Åöäøóåõ ßõáøõåõ íõÍúãóáõ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇÞöáóÉö. æóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ: ÚóãúÏõ ÇáÕøóÈöíøö Ýöí ãóÇáöåö.
æóÓóÈóÈõ ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝöåöãú ÊóÑóÏøõÏõ ÝöÚúáö ÇáÕøóÈöíøö Èóíúäó ÇáúÚóÇãöÏö æóÇáúãõÎúØöÆöº Ýóãóäú ÛóáøóÈó Úóáóíúåö ÔöÈúåó ÇáúÚóãúÏö ÃóæúÌóÈó ÇáÏøöíóÉó Ýöí ãóÇáöåö¡ æóãóäú ÛóáøóÈó Úóáóíúåö ÔöÈúåó ÇáúÎóØóÃö ÃóæúÌóÈóåóÇ Úóáóì

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ÇáúÚóÇÞöáóÉö.
æóßóÐóáößó ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÇÔúÊóÑóßó Ýöí ÇáúÞóÊúáö ÚóÇãöÏñ æóÕóÈöíøñ¡ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóæúÌóÈõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇãöÏö ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕó æóÚóáóì ÇáÕøóÈöíøö ÇáÏøöíóÉó ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Úóáóì ãóäú Êóßõæäõ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ Úóáóì ÃóÕúáöåö: Ýöí ãóÇáö ÇáÕøóÈöíøö. æóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ: Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇÞöáóÉö. æóÃóãøóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó ÝóíóÑóì Ãóäú áóÇ ÞöÕóÇÕó ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÊóì ÊóÌöÈõ ÝóÅöäøóåõãõ ÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÏöíóÉó ÇáúÎóØóÃö ãõÄóÌøóáóÉñ Ýöí ËóáóÇËö Óöäöíäó¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÏöíóÉõ ÇáúÚóãúÏö ÝóÍóÇáøóÉñ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÕúØóáöÍóÇ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÃúÌöíáö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ãóäú åõãõ ÇáúÚóÇÞöáóÉõ ÝóÅöäøó ÌõãúåõæÑó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÍöÌóÇÒö ÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÚóÇÞöáóÉó åöíó ÇáúÞóÑóÇÈóÉõ ãöäú ÞöÈóáö ÇáúÃóÈö¡ æóåõãõ ÇáúÚóÕóÈóÉõ Ïõæäó Ãóåúáö ÇáÏøöíæóÇäö. æóÊóÍúãöáõ ÇáúãóæóÇáöí ÇáúÚóÞúáó ÚöäúÏó ÌõãúåõæÑöåöãú ÅöÐóÇ ÚóÌóÒóÊú Úóäúåõ ÇáúÚóÕóÈóÉõ¡ ÅöáøóÇ ÏóÇæõÏó ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãú íóÑó ÇáúãóæóÇáöíó ÚóÕóÈóÉð.
æóáóíúÓó ÝöíãóÇ íóÌöÈõ Úóáóì æóÇÍöÏò æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãú ÍóÏøñ ÚöäúÏö ãóÇáößò¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ: Úóáóì ÇáúÛóäöíøö ÏöíäóÇÑñ æóÚóáóì ÇáúÝóÞöíÑö äöÕúÝõ ÏöíäóÇÑò. æóåöíó ÚöäúÏó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö ãõÑóÊøóÈóÉñ Úóáóì ÇáúÞóÑóÇÈóÉö ÈöÍóÓóÈö ÞõÑúÈöåöãúº ÝóÇáúÃóÞúÑóÈõ ãöäú Èóäöí ÃóÈöíåö¡ Ëõãøó ãöäú Èóäöí ÌóÏøöåö¡ Ëõãøó ãöäú Èóäöí Èóäöí ÃóÈöíåö. æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ: ÇáúÚóÇÞöáóÉõ åõãú Ãóåúáõ ÏöíæóÇäöåö Åöäú ßóÇäó ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÏöíæóÇäò.
æóÚõãúÏóÉõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÍöÌóÇÒö Ãóäøóåõ ÊóÚóÇÞóáó ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ýöí ÒóãóÇäö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ æóÝöí ÒóãóÇäö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú åõäóÇßó ÏöíæóÇäñ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÏøöíæóÇäõ Ýöí Òóãóäö ÚõãóÑó Èúäö ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö. æóÇÚúÊóãóÏó ÇáúßõæÝöíøõæäó ÍóÏöíËó ÌõÈóíúÑö Èúäö ãõØúÚöãò Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: «áóÇ ÍöáúÝó Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ æóÃóíøõãóÇ ÍöáúÝò ßóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÝóáóÇ íóÒöíÏõåõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ ÅöáøóÇ ÞõæøóÉð» . æóÈöÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÝóÊóãóÓøóßõæÇ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÈöäóÍúæö ÊóãóÓøõßöåöãú Ýöí æõÌõæÈö ÇáúæóáóÇÁö áöáúÍõáóÝóÇÁö.
æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÌöäóÇíóÉö ãóäú áóÇ ÚóÕóÈóÉó áóåõ æóáóÇ ãóæóÇáöíó (æóåõãõ ÇáÓøóÇÆöÈóÉõ) ÅöÐóÇ ÌóäóæúÇ ÎóØóÃð åóáú íóßõæäõ Úóáóíúåö ÚóÞúáñ¿ Ãóãú áóÇ¿ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÝóÚóáóì ãóäú íóßõæäõ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó ãóäú áóãú íóÌúÚóáú áóåõãú ãóæóÇáöíó: áóíúÓó Úóáóì ÇáÓøóÇÆöÈóÉö ÚóÞúáñ¡ æóßóÐóáößó ãóäú áóãú íóÌúÚóáö ÇáúÚóÞúáó Úóáóì ÇáúãóæóÇáöí¡ æóåõæó ÏóÇæõÏõ æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ. æóÞóÇáó: ãóäú ÌóÚóáó æóáóÇÁóåõ áöãóäú ÃóÚúÊóÞóåõ Úóáóíúåö ÚóÞúáõåõ¡ æóÞóÇáó: ãóäú ÌóÚóáó æóáóÇÁóåõ áöáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÚóÞúáõåõ Ýöí ÈóíúÊö ÇáúãóÇáö. æóãóäú ÞóÇáó: Åöäøó áöáÓøóÇÆöÈóÉö Ãóäú íõæóÇáöíó ãóäú ÔóÇÁó - ÌóÚóáó ÚóÞúáóåõ áöãóäú æóáøóÇåõ.
æóßõáøõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÞóÇæöíáö ÞóÏú ÍõßöíóÊú Úóäö ÇáÓøóáóÝö æóÇáÏøöíóÇÊõ ÊóÎúÊóáöÝõ ÈöÍóÓóÈö ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáúãõæÏóì Ýöíåö¡ æóÇáúãõÄóËøöÑõ Ýöí äõÞúÕóÇäö ÇáÏøöíóÉö åöíó ÇáúÃõäõæËóÉõ æóÇáúßõÝúÑõ æóÇáúÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉõ.
ÃóãøóÇ ÏöíóÉõ ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉö ÝóÅöäøóåõãõ ÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì ÃóäøóåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáäøöÕúÝö ãöäú ÏöíóÉö ÇáÑøóÌõáö Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúÓö ÝóÞóØú. æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ ÝöíãóÇ Ïõæäó ÇáäøóÝúÓö ãöäó ÇáÔøöÌóÇÌö æóÇáúÃóÚúÖóÇÁö Úóáóì ãóÇ ÓóíóÃúÊöí ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöíåö Ýöí ÏöíóÇÊö ÇáúÌõÑõæÍö æóÇáúÃóÚúÖóÇÁö.
ÃóãøóÇ ÏöíóÉõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÐøöãøóÉö ÅöÐóÇ ÞõÊöáõæÇ ÎóØóÃð ÝóÅöäøó áöáúÚõáóãóÇÁö Ýöí Ðóáößó ËóáóÇËóÉó ÃóÞúæóÇáò:
ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: ÏöíóÊõåõãú Úóáóì ÇáäøöÕúÝö ãöäú ÏöíóÉö ÇáúãõÓúáöãö ÐõßúÑóÇäõåõãú Úóáóì ÇáäøöÕúÝö ãöäú ÐõßúÑóÇäö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡

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æóäöÓóÇÄõåõãú Úóáóì ÇáäøöÕúÝö ãöäú äöÓóÇÆöåöãú. æóÈöåö ÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ æóÚõãóÑõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö. æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ Êóßõæäõ ÏöíóÉõ ÌöÑóÇÍöåöãú Úóáóì ÇáäøöÕúÝö ãöäú ÏöíóÉö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó.
æóÇáúÞóæúáõ ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøó ÏöíóÊóåõãú ËõáõËõ ÏöíóÉö ÇáúãõÓúáöãö¡ æóÈöåö ÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ¡ æóåõæó ãóÑúæöíøñ Úóäú ÚõãóÑó Èúäö ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö æóÚõËúãóÇäó Èúäö ÚóÝøóÇäó¡ æóÞóÇáó Èöåö ÌóãóÇÚóÉñ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÇÈöÚöíäó.
æóÇáúÞóæúáõ ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäøó ÏöíóÊóåõãú ãöËúáõ ÏöíóÉö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóÈöåö ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóÇáËøóæúÑöíøõ æóÌóãóÇÚóÉñ¡ æóåõæó ãóÑúæöíøñ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò¡ æóÞóÏú Ñõæöíó Úóäú ÚõãóÑó¡ æóÚõËúãóÇäó¡ æóÞóÇáó Èöåö ÌóãóÇÚóÉñ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÇÈöÚöíäó.
ÝóÚõãúÏóÉõ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞö ÇáúÃóæøóáö ãóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäú ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÔõÚóíúÈò¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö Úóäú ÌóÏøöåö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: «ÏöíóÉõ ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö Úóáóì ÇáäøöÕúÝö ãöäú ÏöíóÉö ÇáúãõÓúáöãö» . æóÚõãúÏóÉõ ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøóÉö Úõãõæãõ Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãöäú Þóæúãò Èóíúäóßõãú æóÈóíúäóåõãú ãöíËóÇÞñ ÝóÏöíóÉñ ãõÓóáøóãóÉñ Åöáóì Ãóåúáöåö æóÊóÍúÑöíÑõ ÑóÞóÈóÉò ãõÄúãöäóÉò} [ÇáäÓÇÁ: 92] .
æóãöäó ÇáÓøõäøóÉö ãóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ ãóÚúãóÑñ Úóäö ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøö ÞóÇáó: ÏöíóÉõ ÇáúíóåõæÏöíøö æóÇáäøóÕúÑóÇäöíøö æóßõáøö Ðöãøöíøò ãöËúáõ ÏöíóÉö ÇáúãõÓúáöãö. ÞóÇáó: æóßóÇäóÊú Úóáóì ÚóåúÏö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ æóÚõãóÑó¡ æóÚõËúãóÇäó¡ æóÚóáöíøò ÍóÊøóì ßóÇäó ãõÚóÇæöíóÉõ¡ ÝóÌóÚóáó Ýöí ÈóíúÊö ÇáúãóÇáö äöÕúÝóåóÇ¡ æóÃóÚúØóì Ãóåúáó ÇáúãóÞúÊõæáö äöÕúÝóåóÇ. Ëõãøó ÞóÖóì ÚõãóÑõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö ÈöäöÕúÝö ÇáÏøöíóÉö¡ æóÃóáúÛóì ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÚóáóåõ ãõÚóÇæöíóÉõ Ýöí ÈóíúÊö ÇáúãóÇáö. ÞóÇáó ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøõ: Ýóáóãú íõÞúÖó áöí Ãóäú ÃõÐóßøöÑó ÈöÐóáößó ÚõãóÑó Èúäó ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö¡ ÝóÃõÎúÈöÑóåõ Ãóäøó ÇáÏøöíóÉó ßóÇäóÊú ÊóÇãøóÉð áöÃóåúáö ÇáÐøöãøóÉö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÞõÊöáó ÇáúÚóÈúÏõ ÎóØóÃð Ãóæú ÚóãúÏðÇ Úóáóì ãóäú áóÇ íóÑóì ÇáúÞöÕóÇÕó Ýöíåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó Þóæúãñ: Úóáóíúåö ÞöíãóÊõåõ ÈóÇáöÛóÉð ãóÇ ÈóáóÛóÊú¡ æóÅöäú ÒóÇÏóÊú Úóáóì ÏöíóÉö ÇáúÍõÑøö¡ æóÈöåö ÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ¡ æóÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ¡ æóÃóÈõæ íõæÓõÝó¡ æóåõæó Þóæúáõ ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøóÈö¡ æóÚõãóÑó Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö. æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó¡ æóãõÍóãøóÏñ: áóÇ íóÊóÌóÇæóÒõ ÈöÞöíãóÉö ÇáúÚóÈúÏö ÇáÏøöíóÉó. æóÞóÇáóÊú ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäú ÝõÞóåóÇÁö ÇáúßõæÝóÉö: Ýöíåö ÇáÏøöíóÉõ¡ æóáóßöäú áóÇ íóÈúáõÛõ Èöåö ÏöíóÉó ÇáúÍõÑøö¡ íóäúÞõÕõ ãöäúåóÇ ÔóíúÆðÇ.
æóÚõãúÏóÉõ ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøóÉö Ãóäøó ÇáÑøöÞøó ÍóÇáõ äóÞúÕò¡ ÝóæóÌóÈó Ãóäú áóÇ ÊóÒöíÏó ÞöíãóÊõåõ Úóáóì ÏöíóÉö ÇáúÍõÑøö. æóÚõãúÏóÉõ ãóäú ÃóæúÌóÈó Ýöíåö ÇáÏøöíóÉó æóáóßöäú äóÇÞöÕóÉð Úóäú ÏöíóÉö ÇáúÍõÑøö Ãóäøóåõ ãõßóáøóÝñ äóÇÞöÕñ¡ ÝóæóÌóÈó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÍõßúãõ äóÇÞöÕðÇ Úóäö ÇáúÍõÑøö áóßöäøó æóÇÍöÏðÇ ÈöÇáäøóæúÚö. ÃóÕúáõåõ ÇáúÍóÏøõ Ýöí ÇáÒøöäóì æóÇáúÞóÐúÝö æóÇáúÎóãúÑö æóÇáØøóáóÇÞö. æóáóæú Þöíáó Ýöíåö: ÅöäøóåóÇ Êóßõæäõ Úóáóì ÇáäøöÕúÝö ãöäú ÏöíóÉö ÇáúÍõÑøö - áóßóÇäó ÞóæúáðÇ áóåõ æóÌúåñ¡ ÃóÚúäöí: Ýöí ÏöíóÉö ÇáúÎóØóÃö¡ áóßöäú áóãú íóÞõáú Èöåö ÃóÍóÏñ. æóÚõãúÏóÉõ ãóÇáößò Ãóäøóåõ ãóÇáñ ÞóÏú ÃõÊúáöÝó¡ ÝóæóÌóÈó Ýöíåö ÇáúÞöíãóÉõ¡ ÃóÕúáõåõ ÓóÇÆöÑõ ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö.
æóÇÎúÊõáöÝó Ýöí ÇáúæóÇÌöÈö Ýöí ÇáúÚóÈúÏö Úóáóì ãóäú íóÌöÈõ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó: åõæó Úóáóì ÚóÇÞöáóÉö ÇáúÞóÇÊöáö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÃóÔúåóÑõ Úóäö ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö¡ æóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ: åõæó Úóáóì ÇáúÞóÇÊöáö äóÝúÓöåö. æóÚõãúÏóÉõ ãóÇáößò ÊóÔúÈöíåõ ÇáúÚóÈúÏö ÈöÇáúÚõÑõæÖö. æóÚõãúÏóÉõ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö ÞöíóÇÓõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÍõÑøö.

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æóãöãøóÇ íóÏúÎõáõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö ãöäú ÃóäúæóÇÚö ÇáúÎóØóÃö ÏöíóÉõ ÇáúÌóäöíäö¡ æóÐóáößóº áöÃóäøó ÓõÞõæØó ÇáúÌóäöíäö Úóäö ÇáÖøóÑúÈö áóíúÓó åõæó ÚóãúÏðÇ ãóÍúÖðÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ÚóãúÏñ Ýöí Ãõãøöåö ÎóØóÃñ Ýöíåö.
æóÇáäøóÙóÑõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö åõæó ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí ÇáúæóÇÌöÈö Ýöí ÖõÑõæÈö ÇáúÃóÌöäøóÉö¡ æóÝöí ÕöÝóÉö ÇáúÌóäöíäö ÇáøóÐöí íóÌöÈõ Ýöíåö ÇáúæóÇÌöÈõ¡ æóÚóáóì ãóäú ÊóÌöÈõ¡ æóáöãóäú íóÌöÈõ¡ æóÝöí ÔõÑõæØö ÇáúæõÌõæÈö.
ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÃóÌöäøóÉõ ÝóÅöäøóåõãõ ÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúæóÇÌöÈó Ýöí Ìóäöíäö ÇáúÍõÑøóÉö æóÌóäöíäö ÇáúÃóãóÉö ãöäú ÓóíøöÏöåóÇ åõæó ÛõÑøóÉñº áöãóÇ ËóÈóÊó Úóäúåõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó æóÛóíúÑöåö «Ãóäøó ÇãúÑóÃóÊóíúäö ãöäú åõÐóíúáò ÑóãóÊú ÅöÍúÏóÇåõãóÇ ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì¡ ÝóØóÑóÍóÊú ÌóäöíäóåóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÖóì Ýöíåö ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöÛõÑøóÉò ÚóÈúÏò Ãóæú æóáöíÏóÉò» .
æóÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÞöíãóÉó ÇáúÛõÑøóÉö ÇáúæóÇÌöÈóÉó Ýöí Ðóáößó ÚöäúÏó ãóäú ÑóÃóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÛõÑøóÉó Ýöí Ðóáößó ãóÍúÏõæÏóÉñ ÈöÇáúÞöíãóÉö - æóåõæó ãóÐúåóÈõ ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑö - åöíó äöÕúÝõ ÚõÔúÑö ÏöíóÉö Ãõãøöåö¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøó ãóäú ÑóÃóì Ãóäøó ÇáÏøöíóÉó ÇáúßóÇãöáóÉó Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáÏøóÑóÇåöãö åöíó ÚóÔóÑóÉõ ÂáóÇÝö ÏöÑúåóãò - ÞóÇáó: ÏöíóÉõ ÇáúÌóäöíäö ÎóãúÓõãöÇÆóÉö ÏöÑúåóãò. æóãóäú ÑóÃóì ÃóäøóåóÇ ÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó ÃóáúÝó ÏöÑúåóãò ÞóÇáó: ÓöÊøõãöÇÆóÉö ÏöÑúåóãò. æóÇáøóÐöíäó áóãú íóÍõÏøõæÇ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÍóÏøðÇ¡ Ãóæú áóãú íóÍõÏøõæåóÇ ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáúÞöíãóÉö¡ æóÃóÌóÇÒõæÇ ÅöÎúÑóÇÌó ÞöíãóÊöåóÇ ÚóäúåóÇ - ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÇáúæóÇÌöÈõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÞöíãóÉõ ÇáúÛõÑøóÉö ÈóÇáöÛóÉð ãóÇ ÈóáóÛóÊú. æóÞóÇáó ÏóÇæõÏõ æóÃóåúáõ ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö: ßõáøõ ãóÇ æóÞóÚó Úóáóíúåö ÇÓúãõ ÛõÑøóÉò ÃóÌúÒóÃó¡ æóáóÇ íõÌúÒöÆõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÇáúÞöíãóÉõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÝöíãóÇ ÃóÍúÓóÈõ.
æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúæóÇÌöÈö Ýöí Ìóäöíäö ÇáúÃóãóÉö æóÝöí Ìóäöíäö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈöíøóÉö¡ ÝóÐóåóÈó ãóÇáößñ¡ æóÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ Åöáóì Ãóäøó Ìóäöíäó ÇáúÃóãóÉö ÚõÔúÑõ ÞöíãóÉö Ãõãøöåö ÐóßóÑðÇ ßóÇäó Ãóæú ÃõäúËóì íóæúãó íõÌúäóì Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÝóÑøóÞó Þóæúãñ Èóíúäó ÇáÐøóßóÑö æóÇáúÃõäúËóì¡ ÝóÞóÇáó Þóæúãñ: Åöäú ßóÇäó ÃõäúËóì Ýöíåö ÚõÔúÑõ ÞöíãóÉö Ãõãøöåö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÐóßóÑðÇ ÝóÚõÔúÑõ ÞöíãóÊöåö áóæú ßóÇäó ÍóíøðÇ. æóÈöåö ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó. æóáóÇ ÎöáóÇÝó ÚöäúÏöåöãú Ãóäøó Ìóäöíäó ÇáúÃóãóÉö ÅöÐóÇ ÓóÞóØó ÍóíøðÇ Ãóäøó Ýöíåö ÞöíãóÊóåõ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ íõæÓõÝó: Ýöí Ìóäöíäö ÇáúÃóãóÉö ÅöÐóÇ ÓóÞóØó ãóíøöÊðÇ ãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ äóÞóÕó ãöäú ÞöíãóÉö Ãõãøöåö.
æóÃóãøóÇ Ìóäöíäõ ÇáÐøöãøöíøóÉö ÝóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ æóÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó: Ýöíåö ÚõÔúÑõ ÏöíóÉö Ãõãøöåö¡ áóßöäú ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó Úóáóì ÃóÕúáöåö Ýöí Ãóäøó ÏöíóÉó ÇáÐøöãøöíøö ÏöíóÉõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãö¡ æóÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ Úóáóì ÃóÕúáöåö Ýöí Ãóäøó ÏöíóÉó ÇáÐøöãøöíøö ËõáõËõ ÏöíóÉö ÇáúãõÓúáöãö¡ æóãóÇáößñ Úóáóì ÃóÕúáöåö Ýöí Ãóäøó ÏöíóÉó ÇáÐøöãøöíøö äöÕúÝõ ÏöíóÉö ÇáúãõÓúáöãö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÕöÝóÉõ ÇáúÌóäöíäö ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÌöÈõ Ýöíåö ÝóÅöäøóåõãõ ÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãöäú ÔõÑõæØöåö Ãóäú íóÎúÑõÌó ÇáúÌóäöíäõ ãóíøöÊðÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÊóãõæÊó Ãõãøõåõ ãöäó ÇáÖøóÑúÈö. æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ ãóÇÊóÊú Ãõãøõåõ ãöäó ÇáÖøóÑúÈö¡ Ëõãøó ÓóÞóØó ÇáúÌóäöíäõ ãóíøöÊðÇ - ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ æóãóÇáößñ: áóÇ ÔóíúÁó Ýöíåö. æóÞóÇáó ÃóÔúåóÈõ: Ýöíåö ÇáúÛõÑøóÉõ. æóÈöåö ÞóÇáó ÇááøóíúËõ¡ æóÑóÈöíÚóÉõ¡ æóÇáÒøõåúÑöíøõ.
æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö Ýöí ÝõÑõæÚò¡ æóåöíó ÇáúÚóáóÇãóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÓõÞõæØöåö ÍóíøðÇ Ãóæú ãóíøöÊðǺ ÝóÐóåóÈó ãóÇáößñ æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÚóáóÇãóÉó ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöåúáóÇáõ ÈöÇáÕøöíóÇÍö Ãóæö ÇáúÈõßóÇÁö. æóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ æóÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó¡ æóÇáËøóæúÑöíøõ æóÃóßúËóÑõ ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö: ßõáøõ ãóÇ ÚõáöãóÊú Èöåö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÇÏóÉö ãöäú ÍóÑóßóÉò Ãóæú ÚõØóÇÓò Ãóæú ÊóäóÝøõÓò ÝóÃóÍúßóÇãõåõ ÃóÍúßóÇãõ ÇáúÍóíøö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ.

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æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö Ýöí ÇáúÎöáúÞóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõæÌöÈõ ÇáúÛõÑøóÉó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ: ßõáøõ ãóÇ ØóÑóÍóÊúåõ ãöäú ãõÖúÛóÉò Ãóæú ÚóáóÞóÉò ãöãøóÇ íõÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóåõ æóáóÏñ ÝóÝöíåö ÇáúÛõÑøóÉõ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ: áóÇ ÔóíúÁó Ýöíåö ÍóÊøóì ÊóÓúÊóÈöíäó ÇáúÎöáúÞóÉõ. æóÇáúÃóÌúæóÏõ Ãóäú íõÚúÊóÈóÑó äóÝúÎõ ÇáÑøõæÍö Ýöíåö¡ ÃóÚúäöí: Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÊóÌöÈõ Ýöíåö ÇáúÛõÑøóÉõ ÅöÐóÇ Úõáöãó Ãóäøó ÇáúÍóíóÇÉó ÞóÏú ßóÇäóÊú æõÌöÏóÊú Ýöíåö.
æóÃóãøóÇ Úóáóì ãóäú ÊóÌöÈõ¿ ÝóÅöäøóåõãõ ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí Ðóáößóº ÝóÞóÇáóÊú ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäúåõãú ãóÇáößñ æóÇáúÍóÓóäõ Èúäõ Íóíøò æóÇáúÍóÓóäõ ÇáúÈóÕúÑöíøõ: åöíó Ýöí ãóÇáö ÇáúÌóÇäöí. æóÞóÇáó ÂÎóÑõæäó: åöíó Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇÞöáóÉö. æóãöãøóäú ÞóÇáó ÈöÐóáößó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó¡ æóÇáËøóæúÑöíøõ æóÌóãóÇÚóÉñ. æóÚõãúÏóÊõåõãú ÃóäøóåóÇ ÌöäóÇíóÉõ ÎóØóÃò ÝóæóÌóÈóÊú Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇÞöáóÉö. æóãóÇ Ñõæöíó ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóäú ÌóÇÈöÑö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö «Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÌóÚóáó Ýöí ÇáúÌóäöíäö ÛõÑøóÉð Úóáóì ÚóÇÞöáóÉö ÇáÖøóÇÑöÈö¡ æóÈóÏóÃó ÈöÒóæúÌöåóÇ æóæóáóÏöåóÇ» . æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇáößñ ÝóÔóÈøóåóåóÇ ÈöÏöíóÉö ÇáúÚóãúÏö ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÖøóÑúÈõ ÚóãúÏðÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ áöãóäú ÊóÌöÈõ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ æóÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó: åöíó áöæóÑóËóÉö ÇáúÌóäöíäö¡ æóÍõßúãõåóÇ Íõßúãõ ÇáÏøöíóÉö Ýöí ÃóäøóåóÇ ãóæúÑõæËóÉñ. æóÞóÇáó ÑóÈöíÚóÉõ æóÇááøóíúËõ: åöíó áöáúÃõãøö ÎóÇÕøóÉð. æóÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõãú ÔóÈøóåõæÇ ÌóäöíäóåóÇ ÈöÚõÖúæò ãöäú ÃóÚúÖóÇÆöåóÇ.
æóãöäó ÇáúæóÇÌöÈö ÇáøóÐöí ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöíåö Ýöí ÇáúÌóäöíäö ãóÚó æõÌõæÈö ÇáúÛõÑøóÉö æõÌõæÈõ ÇáúßóÝøóÇÑóÉö¡ ÝóÐóåóÈó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ Åöáóì Ãóäøó Ýöíåö ÇáúßóÝøóÇÑóÉó æóÇÌöÈóÉñ¡ æóÐóåóÈó ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó Ýöíåö ßóÝøóÇÑóÉñ¡ æóÇÓúÊóÍúÓóäóåóÇ ãóÇáößñ æóáóãú íõæÌöÈúåóÇ.
ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÃóæúÌóÈóåóǺ áöÃóäøó ÇáúßóÝøóÇÑóÉó ÚöäúÏóåõ æóÇÌöÈóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÚóãúÏö æóÇáúÎóØóÃö. æóÃóãøóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÛóáøóÈó Úóáóíúåö Íõßúãó ÇáúÚóãúÏö¡ æóÇáúßóÝøóÇÑóÉõ áóÇ ÊóÌöÈõ ÚöäúÏóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóãúÏö. æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇáößñ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúßóÝøóÇÑóÉõ áóÇ ÊóÌöÈõ ÚöäúÏóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóãúÏö¡ æóÊóÌöÈõ Ýöí ÇáúÎóØóÃö¡ æóßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ãõÊóÑóÏøöÏðÇ ÚöäúÏóåõ Èóíúäó ÇáúÚóãúÏö æóÇáúÎóØóÃö - ÇÓúÊóÍúÓóäó Ýöíåö ÇáúßóÝøóÇÑóÉó¡ æóáóãú íõæÌöÈúåóÇ.

æóãöäú ÃóäúæóÇÚö ÇáúÎóØóÃö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáóÝö Ýöíåö ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõåõãú Ýöí ÊóÖúãöíäö ÇáÑøóÇßöÈö æóÇáÓøóÇÆöÞö æóÇáúÞóÇÆöÏö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: åõãú ÖóÇãöäõæäó áöãóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈóÊö ÇáÏøóÇÈøóÉõ. æóÇÍúÊóÌøõæÇ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÈöÞóÖóÇÁö ÚõãóÑó Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÌúÑóì ÝóÑóÓóåõ ÝóæóØöÆó ÂÎóÑó ÈöÇáúÚóÞúáö. æóÞóÇáó Ãóåúáõ ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö: áóÇ ÖóãóÇäó Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏò Ýöí ÌõÑúÍö ÇáúÚóÌúãóÇÁö. æóÇÚúÊóãóÏõæÇ ÇáúÃóËóÑó ÇáËøóÇÈöÊó Ýöíåö Úóäúåõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - «ÌõÑúÍõ ÇáúÚóÌúãóÇÁö ÌõÈóÇÑñ¡ æóÇáúÈöÆúÑõ ÌõÈóÇÑñ¡ æóÇáúãóÚúÏöäõ ÌõÈóÇÑñ¡ æóÝöí ÇáÑøößóÇÒö ÇáúÎõãõÓõ» .
ÝóÍóãóáó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÈöÇáÏøóÇÈøóÉö ÑóÇßöÈñ æóáóÇ ÓóÇÆöÞñ æóáóÇ ÞóÇÆöÏñº áöÃóäøóåõãú ÑóÃóæúÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈóÊö ÇáÏøóÇÈøóÉõ ÃóÍóÏðÇ æóÚóáóíúåóÇ ÑóÇßöÈñ¡ Ãóæú áóåóÇ ÞóÇÆöÏñ Ãóæú ÓóÇÆöÞñ - ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÑøóÇßöÈó áóåóÇ Ãóæö ÇáÓøóÇÆöÞó Ãóæö ÇáúÞóÇÆöÏó åõæó ÇáúãõÕöíÈõ æóáóßöäú ÎóØóÃð.

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æóÇÎúÊóáóÝó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ ÝöíãóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈóÊö ÇáÏøóÇÈøóÉõ ÈöÑöÌúáöåóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ: áóÇ ÔóíúÁó Ýöíåö Åöäú áóãú íóÝúÚóáú ÕóÇÍöÈõ ÇáÏøóÇÈøóÉö ÈöÇáÏøóÇÈøóÉö ÔóíúÆðÇ íóÈúÚóËõåóÇ Èöåö Úóáóì Ãóäú ÊóÑúãóÍó ÈöÑöÌúáöåóÇ. æóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ: íõÖóãøóäõ ÇáÑøóÇßöÈõ ãóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈóÊú ÈöíóÏöåóÇ Ãóæú ÈöÑöÌúáöåóÇ. æóÈöåö ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÔõÈúÑõãóÉó¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí áóíúáóì¡ æóÓóæøóíóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáÖøóãóÇäö ÈöÑöÌúáöåóÇ Ãóæú ÈöÛóíúÑö ÑöÌúáöåóÇ. æóÈöåö ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÇÓúÊóËúäóì ÇáÑøóãúÍóÉó ÈöÇáÑøöÌúáö Ãóæú ÈöÇáÐøóäóÈö. æóÑõÈøóãóÇ ÇÍúÊóÌøó ãóäú áóãú íõÖóãøöäú ÑöÌúáó ÇáÏøóÇÈøóÉö ÈöãóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäúåõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - «ÇáÑøöÌúáõ ÌõÈóÇÑñ» ¡ æóáóãú íóÕöÍøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö æóÑóÏøóåõ.
æóÃóÞóÇæöíáõ ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö Ýöíãóäú ÍóÝóÑó ÈöÆúÑðÇ¡ ÝóæóÞóÚó Ýöíåö ÅöäúÓóÇäñ - ãõÊóÞóÇÑöÈóÉñ. æóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ: Åöäú ÍóÝóÑó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚò ÌóÑóÊö ÇáúÚóÇÏóÉõ ÇáúÍóÝúÑõ Ýöí ãöËúáöåö áóãú íõÖóãøóäú¡ æóÅöäú ÊóÚóÏøóì Ýöí ÇáúÍóÝúÑö Öõãøöäó. æóÞóÇáó ÇááøóíúËó: Åöäú ÍóÝóÑó Ýöí ÃóÑúÖò íóãúáößõåóÇ áóãú íõÖóãøóäú¡ æóÅöäú ÍóÝóÑó ÝöíãóÇ áóÇ íóãúáößõ Öõãøöäó¡ Ýóãóäú Öóãöäó ÚöäúÏóåõ Ýóåõæó ãöäú äóæúÚö ÇáúÎóØóÃö.
æóßóÐóáößó ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøóÇÈøóÉö ÇáúãóæúÞõæÝóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú: Åöäú ÃóæúÞóÝóåóÇ ÈöÍóíúËõ íóÌöÈõ áóåõ Ãóäú íõæÞöÝóåóÇ áóãú íóÖúãóäú¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóÝúÚóáú Öóãöäó. æóÈöåö ÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó: íóÖúãóäõ Úóáóì ßõáøö ÍóÇáò¡ æóáóíúÓó íõÈóÑøöÆõåõ Ãóäú íóÑúÈõØóåóÇ ÈöãóæúÖöÚò íóÌõæÒõ áóåõ Ãóäú íóÑúÈõØóåóÇ Ýöíåö¡ ßóãóÇ áóÇ íõÈóÑøöÆõåõ ÑõßõæÈõåóÇ ãöäú ÖóãóÇäö ãóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈóÊúåõ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáÑøõßõæÈõ ãõÈóÇÍðÇ.
æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÝóÇÑöÓóíúäö íóÕúØóÏöãóÇäö¡ ÝóíóãõæÊõ ßõáøõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãóÇ - ÝóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóÌóãóÇÚóÉñ: Úóáóì ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãóÇ ÏöíóÉõ ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ æóÐóáößó Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇÞöáóÉö. æóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ æóÚõËúãóÇäõ ÇáúÈóÊøöíøõ: Úóáóì ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãóÇ äöÕúÝõ ÏöíóÉö ÕóÇÍöÈöåöº áöÃóäøó ßõáøó æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãóÇ ãóÇÊó ãöäú ÝöÚúáö äóÝúÓöåö æóÝöÚúáö ÕóÇÍöÈöåö.

æóÃóÌúãóÚõæÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáØøóÈöíÈó ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÎúØóÃó áóÒöãóÊúåõ ÇáÏøöíóÉõ¡ ãöËúáó Ãóäú íóÞúØóÚó ÇáúÍóÔóÝóÉó Ýöí ÇáúÎöÊóÇäö¡ æóãóÇ ÃóÔúÈóåó Ðóáößóº áöÃóäøóåõ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÌóÇäöí ÎóØóÃð. æóÚóäú ãóÇáößò ÑöæóÇíóÉñ: Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó Úóáóíúåö ÔóíúÁñ¡ æóÐóáößó ÚöäúÏóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáØøöÈøö. æóáóÇ ÎöáóÇÝó Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáØøöÈøö Ãóäøóåõ íóÖúãóäõº áöÃóäøóåõ ãõÊóÚóÏøò. æóÞóÏú æóÑóÏó Ýöí Ðóáößó ãóÚó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö ÍóÏöíËõ ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÔõÚóíúÈò Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö Úóäú ÌóÏøöåö Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó: «ãóäú ÊóØóÈøóÈó¡ æóáóãú íõÚúáóãú ãöäúåõ ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó ÇáØøöÈøõ - Ýóåõæó ÖóÇãöäñ» .
æóÇáÏøöíóÉõ ÝöíãóÇ ÃóÎúØóÃóåõ ÇáØøóÈöíÈõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑö Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇÞöáóÉö¡ æóãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ãóäú ÌóÚóáóåõ Ýöí ãóÇáö ÇáØøóÈöíÈõ. æóáóÇ ÎöáóÇÝó Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáØøöÈøö ÃóäøóåóÇ Ýöí ãóÇáöåö Úóáóì ÙóÇåöÑö ÍóÏöíËö ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÔõÚóíúÈò.

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æóáóÇ ÎöáóÇÝó Èóíúäóåõãú Ãóäøó ÇáúßóÝøóÇÑóÉó ÇáøóÊöí äóÕøó Çááøóåõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ Ýöí ÞóÊúáö ÇáúÍõÑøö ÎóØóÃð æóÇÌöÈóÉñ. æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÞóÊúáö ÇáúÚóãúÏö åóáú Ýöíåö ßóÝøóÇÑóÉñ¿ æóÝöí ÞóÊúáö ÇáúÚóÈúÏö ÎóØóÃð¡ ÝóÃóæúÌóÈóåóÇ ãóÇáößñ Ýöí ÞóÊúáö ÇáúÍõÑøö ÝóÞóØú Ýöí ÇáúÎóØóÃö Ïõæäó ÇáúÚóãúÏö¡ æóÃóæúÌóÈóåóÇ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóãúÏö ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÃóæúáóì æóÇáúÃóÍúÑóì. æóÚöäúÏó ãóÇáößò Ãóäøó ÇáúÚóãúÏó Ýöí åóÐóÇ Íõßúãõåõ Íõßúãõ ÇáúÎóØóÃö.

æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÊóÛúáöíÙö ÇáÏøöíóÉö Ýöí ÇáÔøóåúÑö ÇáúÍóÑóÇãö æóÝöí ÇáúÈóáóÏö ÇáúÍóÑóÇãö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí áóíúáóì: áóÇ ÊõÛóáøóÙõ ÇáÏøöíóÉõ ÝöíåöãóÇ. æóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ: ÊõÛóáøóÙõ ÝöíåöãóÇ Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúÓö æóÝöí ÇáúÌöÑóÇÍö. æóÑõæöíó Úóäö ÇáúÞóÇÓöãö Èúäö ãõÍóãøóÏò¡ æóÇÈúäö ÔöåóÇÈò æóÛóíúÑöåöãú - Ãóäøóåõ íõÒóÇÏõ ÝöíåóÇ ãöËúáõ ËõáõËöåóÇ. æóÑõæöíó Ðóáößó Úóäú ÚõãóÑó¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÚöäúÏó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö ãóäú ÞóÊóáó ÐóÇ ÑóÍöãò ãõÍóÑøóãò.
æóÚõãúÏóÉõ ãóÇáößò æóÃóÈöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó Úõãõæãõ ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö Ýöí ÊóæúÞöíÊö ÇáÏøöíóÇÊö¡ Ýóãóäö ÇÏøóÚóì Ýöí Ðóáößó ÊóÎúÕöíÕðÇ ÝóÚóáóíúåö ÇáÏøóáöíáõ ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõãú ÞóÏú ÃóÌúãóÚõæÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ ÊõÛóáøóÙõ ÇáúßóÝøóÇÑóÉõ Ýöíãóäú ÞõÊöáó ÝöíåöãóÇ. æóÚõãúÏóÉõ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ãóÑúæöíøñ Úóäú ÚõãóÑó æóÚõËúãóÇäó æóÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò.
æóÅöÐóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÔóíúÁñ ãõÎóÇáöÝñ áöáúÞöíóÇÓö æóÌóÈó Íóãúáõåõ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóæúÞöíÝö¡ æóæóÌúåõ ãõÎóÇáóÝóÊöåö áöáúÞöíóÇÓó Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóÛúáöíÙó ÝöíãóÇ æóÞóÚó ÎóØóÃð ÈóÚöíÏñ Úóäú ÃõÕõæáö ÇáÔøóÑúÚö. æóáöáúÝóÑöíÞö ÇáËøóÇäöí Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: Åöäøóåõ ÞóÏú íóäúÞóÏöÍõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÞöíóÇÓñº áöãóÇ ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÔøóÑúÚö ãöäú ÊóÚúÙöíãö ÇáúÍóÑóãö æóÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕöåö ÈöÖóãóÇäö ÇáÕøõíõæÏö Ýöíåö.

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