ÇáÅÍßÇã Ýí ÃÕæá ÇáÃÍßÇã ááÂãÏí

[ÇáúÞöÓúãõ ÇáËøóÇäöí Ýöí ÔóÑóÇÆöØö æõÌõæÈö ÇáúÚóãóáö ÈöÎóÈóÑö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö]
[ÇáÔøóÑúØõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáÑøóÇæöí ãõßóáøóÝðÇ]
ÇáúÞöÓúãõ ÇáËøóÇäöí
Ýöí ÔóÑóÇÆöØö æõÌõæÈö ÇáúÚóãóáö ÈöÎóÈóÑö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö æóãóÇ íóÊóÔóÚøóÈõ ÚóäúåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóÓóÇÆöáö¡ ÃóãøóÇ ÇáÔøõÑõæØõ ÝóãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ Ùõäøó ÃóäøóåóÇ ÔõÑõæØñ æóáóíúÓóÊú ßóÐóáößó.
ÃóãøóÇ ÇáÔøõÑõæØõ ÇáúãõÚúÊóÈóÑóÉõ Ýóåöíó ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉñ:
ÇáÔøóÑúØõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ: Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáÑøóÇæöí ãõßóáøóÝðÇ (2) .
æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó ãóäú áóÇ íóßõæäõ ãõßóáøóÝðÇ¡ ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÈöÍóíúËõ áóÇ íóÞúÏöÑõ Úóáóì ÇáÖøóÈúØö æóÇáöÇÍúÊöÑóÇÒö ÝöíãóÇ íóÊóÍóãøóáõåõ æóíõÄóÏøöíåö¡ ßóÇáúãóÌúäõæäö æóÇáÕøóÈöíøö ÛóíúÑö ÇáúãõãóíøöÒö ÝóáóÇ ÊõÞúÈóáõ ÑöæóÇíóÊõåõ (3) áöÊóãóßøõäö ÇáúÎóáóáö ÝöíåóÇ.
æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÈöÍóíúËõ íóÞúÏöÑõ Úóáóì ÇáÖøóÈúØö æóÇáúãóÚúÑöÝóÉö¡ ßóÇáÕøóÈöíøö ÇáúãõãóíøöÒö æóÇáúãõÑóÇåöÞö ÇáøóÐöí áóãú íóÈúÞó Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó ÇáúÈõáõæÛö Óöæóì ÇáÒøóãóÇäö ÇáúíóÓöíÑö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÊõÞúÈóáõ ÑöæóÇíóÊõåõ (4) áóÇ áöÚóÏóãö ÖóÈúØöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÇÏöÑñ Úóáóíúåö ãõÊóãóßøöäñ ãöäúåõ¡ æóáóÇ áöãóÇ Þöíáó ãöäú Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íõÞúÈóáõ ÅöÞúÑóÇÑõåõ Úóáóì äóÝúÓöåö¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÞúÈóáõ Þóæúáõåõ Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåö ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÃóæúáóìº áöÃóäøóåõ ãõäúÊóÞöÖñ ÈöÇáúÚóÈúÏö æóÈöÇáúãóÍúÌõæÑö Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÞúÈóáõ ÅöÞúÑóÇÑõåõ Úóáóì äóÝúÓöåö æóÑöæóÇíóÊõåõ ãóÞúÈõæáóÉñ ÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö¡ Èóáú áöÃóäøóÇ ÃóÌúãóÚúäóÇ Úóáóì ÚóÏóãö ÞóÈõæáö ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö¡ áöÇÍúÊöãóÇáö ßóÐöÈöåö¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõ íóÎóÇÝõ Çááøóåó (ÊóÚóÇáóì) áößóæúäöåö ãõßóáøóÝðÇ ÝóÇÍúÊöãóÇáõ ÇáúßóÐöÈö ãöäó ÇáÕøóÈöíøö ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÎóÇÝõ Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì áöÚóÏóãö ÊóßúáöíÝöåö íóßõæäõ ÃóÙúåóÑó
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(1) ÇäúÙõÑú ãóÇ ÎóÑóÌó Èöåö ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö ÊóÌöÏú Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóÎúÑõÌú ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÊóÑúÏöíÏò Èóíúäó ßóæúäöåóÇ ÞóØúÚöíøóÉð æóÙóäøöíøóÉð¡ æóáóãú íóÑúßóäú Åöáóì ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íóÕöÍøõ åóÐóÇ ãóÚó ÏóÚúæóÇåõ Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚó ßóËöíÑóÉò Ãóäøó ãóÓóÇÆöáó ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ÞóØúÚöíøóÉñ¿ Èóáú ßóíúÝó íóÕöÍøõ Ðóáößó ãóÚó Þóæúáöåö æóÞóæúáö ßóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúÃõÕõæáöíøöíäó ÈöÇáúæóÞúÝö Ýöí ãóÓóÇÆöáó ßóËöíÑóÉò¡ ßóãóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáúÃóæóÇãöÑö áöÔöÏøóÉö ÇáúÎöáóÇÝö ÝöíåóÇ æóÞõæøóÉö ÇáúÃóÏöáøóÉö ãöäó ÇáØøóÑóÝóíúäö¡ æóÞóÏú íóÍóÇÑõ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÃóÍúíóÇäðÇ Ýöí ÇáúãõÓóÇÆóáóÉö¡ æóíõÍöíáõ ãóäú ÃóÑóÇÏó ÇáÊøóÍúÞöíÞó ÝöíåóÇ Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåö.
(2) Ãóíú: ÈóÇáöÛðÇ ÚóÇÞöáðÇ.
(3) Ãóíú: áóÇ íõÞúÈóáõ ÊóÍóãøõáõåõ æóáóÇ ÃóÏóÇÄõåõ.
(4) Ãóíú: ÃóÏóÇÄõåõ Ýöí Êöáúßó ÇáúÍóÇáóÉö¡ æóÅöäú ÕóÍøó ÊóÍóãøõáõåõ ÝöíåóÇ.

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ãöäö ÇÍúÊöãóÇáö ÇáúßóÐöÈö Ýöí ÍóÞøö ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö¡ ÝóßóÇäó Ãóæúáóì ÈöÇáÑøóÏøö¡ æóáóÇ íóáúÒóãõ ãöäú ÞóÈõæáö Þóæúáöåö Ýöí ÅöÎúÈóÇÑöåö Ãóäøóåõ ãõÊóØóåøöÑñ¡ ÍóÊøóì Åöäøóåõ íóÕöÍøõ ÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁõ Èöåö Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÇáÙøóäøó Èößóæúäöåö ãõÊóØóåøöÑðÇ ÔóÑúØñ Ýöí ÕöÍøóÉö ÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁö Èöåö æóÞóÈõæáö (1) ÑöæóÇíóÊöåöº áöÃóäøó ÇáöÇÍúÊöíóÇØó æóÇáÊøóÍóÝøõÙó Ýöí ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö ÃóÔóÏøõ ãöäúåõ Ýöí ÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁö Èöåö Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉöº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÕóÍøó ÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁõ ÈöÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö ÚöäúÏó Ùóäøö ØóåóÇÑóÊöåö¡ æóáóÇ ÊõÞúÈóáõ ÑöæóÇíóÊõåõ æóÅöäú Ùõäøó ÕöÏúÞõåõ.
æóãóäú ÞóÇáó ÈöÞóÈõæáö ÔóåóÇÏóÉö ÇáÕøöÈúíóÇäö ÝöíãóÇ íóÌúÑöí Èóíúäóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÌöäóÇíóÇÊö (2) ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇÚúÊöãóÇÏõåõ Ýöí Ðóáößó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÌöäóÇíóÇÊö ÝöíãóÇ Èóíúäóåõãú ãöãøóÇ ÊóßúËõÑõ¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉó ãóÇÓøóÉñ Åöáóì ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö Ðóáößó ÈöÇáúÞóÑóÇÆöäö¡ æóåöíó ÔóåóÇÏóÊõåõãú ãóÚó ßóËúÑóÊöåöãú ÞóÈúáó ÊóÝóÑøõÞöåöãú¡ æóáóíúÓó Ðóáößó ÌóÇÑöíðÇ Úóáóì ãöäúåóÇÌö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö æóáóÇ ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö (3) .
æóåóÐóÇ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÊóÍóãøóáó ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉó ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÈõáõæÛö¡ æóßóÇäó ÖóÇÈöØðÇ áóåóÇ¡ æóÃóÏøóÇåóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÈõáõæÛö æóÙõåõæÑö ÑõÔúÏöåö Ýöí Ïöíäöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ Êóßõæäõ ãóÞúÈõæáóÉðº áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ Îóáóáó Ýöí ÊóÍóãøõáöåö æóáóÇ Ýöí ÃóÏóÇÆöåö¡ æóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÞóÈõæáö ÑöæóÇíóÊöåö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ æóÇáúãóÚúÞõæáõ.
ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ Ýóãöäú æóÌúåóíúäö:
ÇáúÃóæøóáõ: Ãóäøó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó ÃóÌúãóÚóÊú Úóáóì ÞóÈõæáö ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò æóÇÈúäö ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö æóÇáäøõÚúãóÇäö Èúäö ÈóÔöíÑò æóÛóíúÑöåöãú ãöäú ÃóÍúÏóÇËö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ãõØúáóÞðÇ¡ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÝóÑúÞò Èóíúäó ãóÇ ÊóÍóãøóáõæåõ Ýöí ÍóÇáóÉö ÇáÕøöÛóÑö æóÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÈõáõæÛö.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: ÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÇáÓøóáóÝö æóÇáúÎóáóÝö Úóáóì ãóÌóÇáöÓö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö æóÞóÈõæáö ÑöæóÇíóÊöåöãú áöãóÇ ÊóÍóãøóáõæåõ Ýöí ÍóÇáóÉö ÇáÕøöÈóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÈõáõæÛö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãóÚúÞõæáõ¡ Ýóåõæó Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóÍóÑøõÒó Ýöí ÃóãúÑö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäúåõ Ýöí ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÇÎúÊõáöÝó Ýöí ÞóÈõæáö ÔóåóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÚóÈúÏö¡ æóÇáúÃóßúËóÑõ Úóáóì ÑóÏøöåóÇ.
æóáóãú íõÎúÊóáóÝú Ýöí ÞóÈõæáö ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÇáúÚóÈúÏö¡ æóÇÚúÊõÈöÑó ÇáúÚóÏóÏõ Ýöí ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö (4) ÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö æóÇÎúÊõáöÝó Ýöí ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑöåö Ýöí ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö.
æóÞóÏú ÃóÌúãóÚúäóÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÊóÍóãøóáóåõ ÇáÕøóÈöíøõ ãöäó ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÈõáõæÛö¡ ÅöÐóÇ ÔóåöÏó Èöåö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÈõáõæÛö ÞõÈöáóÊú ÔóåóÇÏóÊõåõ¡ ÝóÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉõ Ãóæúáóì ÈöÇáúÞóÈõæáö.
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(1) æóÞóÈõæáö - ÕóæóÇÈõåõ ÈöÍóÐúÝö ÇáúæóÇæö¡ æóåõæó ÝóÇÚöáõ íóáúÒóãõ.
(2) ßóÇáúãóÇáößöíøóÉö.
(3) Ãóíú: ÝóáóÇ íóÑöÏõ äóÞúÖðÇ ßóÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúãõÓúÊóËúäóíóÇÊö.
(4) Ãóíú: Ýöí ÛóÇáöÈö ÃóäúæóÇÚö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö.

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[ÇáÔøóÑúØõ ÇáËøóÇäöí Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÓúáöãðÇ]
æóÐóáößóº áöÃóäøó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑó ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú áóÇ íóßõæäó ãõäúÊóãöíðÇ Åöáóì ÇáúãöáøóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãöíøóÉö¡ ßóÇáúíóåõæÏöíøö æóÇáäøóÕúÑóÇäöíøö (æóäóÍúæöåö) Ãóæú åõæó ãõäúÊóãò ÅöáóíúåóÇ ßóÇáúãõÌóÓøóãö.
ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÃóæøóáó ÝóáóÇ ÎöáóÇÝó Ýöí ÇãúÊöäóÇÚö ÞóÈõæáö ÑöæóÇíóÊöåö¡ áóÇ áöãóÇ Þöíáó ãöäú Ãóäøó ÇáúßõÝúÑó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÃóäúæóÇÚö ÇáúÝöÓúÞö¡ æóÇáúÝóÇÓöÞõ ÛóíúÑõ ãóÞúÈõæáö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö ÝóÇáúßóÇÝöÑõ Ãóæúáóì.
æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞó ÅöäøóãóÇ áóãú ÊõÞúÈóáú ÑöæóÇíóÊõåõ áöãóÇ Úõáöãó ãöäú ÌõÑúÃóÊöåö Úóáóì ÝöÚúáö ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö ãóÚó ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö ÊóÍúÑöíãöåóÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÛóíúÑõ ãõÊóÍóÞøöÞò Ýöí ÍóÞøö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö¡ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãõÊóÑóåøöÈðÇ ÚóÏúáðÇ Ýöí Ïöíäöåö ãõÚúÊóÞöÏðÇ áöÊóÍúÑöíãö ÇáúßóÐöÈö¡ ãõãúÊóäöÚðÇ ãöäúåõ ÍóÓóÈó ÇãúÊöäóÇÚö ÇáúÚóÏúáö ÇáúãõÓúáöãö.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáöÇÚúÊöãóÇÏõ Ýöí ÇãúÊöäóÇÚö ÞóÈõæáö ÑöæóÇíóÊöåö Úóáóì ÅöÌúãóÇÚö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãöíøóÉö Úóáóì ÑóÏøöåóÇ ÓóáúÈðÇ áöÃóåúáöíøóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóäúÕöÈö ÇáÔøóÑöíÝö Úóäúåõ áöÎöÓøóÊöåö (1) .
æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáËøóÇäöíó¡ ÝóÞóÏö ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöíåö:
ÝóãóÐúåóÈõ ÃóßúËóÑö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöäóÇ¡ ßóÇáúÞóÇÖöí ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÇáúÛóÒóÇáöíøö æóÇáúÞóÇÖöí ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÌóÈøóÇÑö ãöäó ÇáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉö¡ (2) ¡ Ãóäøóåõ ãóÑúÏõæÏõ ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö.
æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÇáúÍõÓóíúäö ÇáúÈóÕúÑöíøõ: Åöäú ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ãöãøóäö ÇÔúÊõåöÑó ÈöÇáúßóÐöÈö æóÇáÊøóÏóíøõäö Èöåö áöäõÕúÑóÉö ãóÐúåóÈöåö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÊõÞúÈóáõ ÑöæóÇíóÊõåõ áöÚóÏóãö ÇáúæõËõæÞö ÈöÕöÏúÞöåö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãõÊóÍóÑøöÌðÇ Ýöí ãóÐúåóÈöåö ãõÊóÍóÑøöÒðÇ Úóäö ÇáúßóÐöÈö ÍóÓóÈó ÇÍúÊöÑóÇÒö ÇáúÚóÏúáö Úóäúåõ¡ Ýóåõæó ãóÞúÈõæáõ ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö áöÃóäøó ÕöÏúÞóåõ ÙóÇåöÑñ ãóÙúäõæäñ.
æóÇáúãõÎúÊóÇÑõ ÑóÏøõåõ áóÇ áöãóÇ Þöíáó ãöäú ÅöÌúãóÇÚö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö Úóáóì ÑóÏøöåö¡ æóáóÇ áöÞöíóÇÓöåö Úóáóì ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌö Úóäö ÇáúãöáøóÉö ÈöæóÇÓöØóÉö ÇÔúÊöÑóÇßöåöãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúßõÝúÑö ÇáúãõäóÇÓöÈö áöÓóáúÈö ÃóåúáöíøóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóäúÕöÈö Úóäúåõ¡ ÅöÐúáóÇáðÇ áóåõ.
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(1) æóáöÃóäøó ÎõÕõæãóÊóåõ áöáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóÚóÏóÇæóÊóåõ áóåõãú Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö ãöãøóÇ íóÍúãöáõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúßóíúÏö áóåõãú æóÇáúÍöÑúÕö Úóáóì ÇáÊøóáúÈöíÓö Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí Ïöíäöåöãú¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÈúÛóÖóåõãú ãöäú ÃóÌúáöåö.
(2) ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöäóǺ Ãóíö: ÇáúÃóÔúÚóÑöíøóÉö¡ æóÇáúÞóÇÖöí ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò åõæó ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÇáØøóíøöÈö ÇáúÈóÇÞöáøóÇäöíøõ ÇáúÃóÔúÚóÑöíøõ ÇáúãóÇáößöíøõ¡ ãóÇÊó Ýöí Ðöí ÇáúÞóÚúÏóÉö 403¡ æóÇáúÛóÒóÇáöíøõ åõæó ÃóÈõæ ÍóÇãöÏò ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ãõÍóãøóÏò ÇáúÃóÔúÚóÑöíøõ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ¡ ãóÇÊó 505¡ æóÇáúÞóÇÖöí ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáúÌóÈøóÇÑö åõæó ÃóÈõæ ÇáúÍóÓóäö ÇáúåóãóÐóÇäöíøõ Èúäõ ÃóÍúãóÏó ÇáúãõÚúÊóÒöáöíøõ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ ãóÇÊó 405.

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ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ ÝóáöÃóäøó áöáúÎóÕúãö ãóäúÚó ÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö Úóáóì ÑóÏøö Þóæúáö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö ãõØúáóÞðÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÓóÈöíáó Åöáóì ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÇáúÞöíóÇÓõ Úóáóì ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌö Úóäö ÇáúãöáøóÉö ãõÊóÚóÐøóÑñ ãöäú ÌöåóÉö Ãóäøó ßõÝúÑóåõ ÃóÔóÏøõ æóÃóÛúáóÙõ æóÃóÙúåóÑõ ãöäú ßõÝúÑö ãóäú åõæó ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÞöÈúáóÉö¡ áößóËúÑóÉö ãõÎóÇáóÝóÊöåö áöáúÞóÇÚöÏóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãöíøóÉö ÃõÕõæáðÇ æóÝõÑõæÚðÇ ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉö ÇáúãõÊóÃóæøóáö áóåóÇ.
ÝóßóÇäó ÅöÐúáóÇáõåõ ÈöÓóáúÈö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóäúÕöÈö Úóäúåõ Ãóæúáóì¡ æóãóÚó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóæúáóæöíøóÉö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÞöíóÇÓó.
Èóáö ÇáúæóÇÌöÈõ ÇáöÇÚúÊöãóÇÏõ Ýöí Ðóáößó Úóáóì Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäú ÌóÇÁóßõãú ÝóÇÓöÞñ ÈöäóÈóÃò ÝóÊóÈóíøóäõæÇ Ãóäú ÊõÕöíÈõæÇ ÞóæúãðÇ ÈöÌóåóÇáóÉò} ÃóãúÑñ ÈöÇáÊøóËóÈøõÊö ÚöäúÏó ÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö¡ æóÇáúßóÇÝöÑõ ÝóÇÓöÞñº áöÃóäøó ÇáúßõÝúÑó ÃóÚúáóì ÏóÑóÌóÇÊö ÇáúÝöÓúÞö.
æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÇÓöÞðÇ¡ ÝóÇáúÂíóÉõ Åöäú ßóÇäóÊú ÚóÇãøóÉð ÈöáóÝúÙöåóÇ Ýöí ßõáøö ÝóÇÓöÞò¡ ÝóÇáúßóÇÝöÑõ ÏóÇÎöáñ ÊóÍúÊóåóÇ¡ æóÅöäú áóãú Êóßõäú ÚóÇãøóÉð ÈöáóÝúÙöåóÇ Ýöí ßõáøö ÝóÇÓöÞò¡ Ýóåöíó ÚóÇãøóÉñ ÈöÇáäøóÙóÑö Åöáóì ÇáúãóÚúäóì Çáúãõæãóì Åöáóíúåö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÝöÓúÞõ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ Åöäøóåõ ÑóÊøóÈó ÑóÏøó ÇáúÎóÈóÑö Úóáóì ßóæúäö ÇáúÂÊöí Èöåö ÝóÇÓöÞðÇ ãõØúáóÞðÇ Ýöí ßóáóÇãö ÇáÔøóÇÑöÚö ãóÚó ãõäóÇÓóÈóÊöåö áóåõ¡ ÝóßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÚöáøóÉð áöáÑøóÏøö¡ æóåõæó ãõÊóÍóÞøöÞñ ÝöíãóÇ äóÍúäõ Ýöíåö.
ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó ÇáúãõÑóÊøóÈõ Úóáóíúåö ÑóÏøõ ÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ãõÓóãøóì ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö¡ æóåõæó Ýöí ÚõÑúÝö ÇáÔøóÑúÚö ÎóÇÕøñ Èöãóäú åõæó ãõÓúáöãñ ÕóÏóÑóÊú ãöäúåõ ßóÈöíÑóÉñ¡ Ãóæú æóÇÙóÈó Úóáóì ÕóÛöíÑóÉò ÝóáóÇ íóßõæäõ ãõÊóäóÇæöáðÇ áöáúßóÇÝöÑö.
æóÅöäú ÓóáøóãúäóÇ ÊóäóÇæõáóåõ áöáúßóÇÝöÑö¡ ÛóíúÑó Ãóäøóåõ ãõÚóÇÑóÖñ ÈöÞóæúáöåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó " äóÍúäõ äóÍúßõãõ ÈöÇáÙøóÇåöÑö¡ æóÇááøóåõ íóÊóæóáøóì ÇáÓøóÑóÇÆöÑó " æóÇáúßóÇÝöÑõ ÇáúãõÊóÃóæøöáõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãõÊóÍóÑøöÒðÇ Úóäö ÇáúßóÐöÈö ÝóÞóÏú ÙóåóÑó ÕöÏúÞõåõ¡ ÝóæóÌóÈó ÇáúÚóãóáõ Èöåö áöáúÎóÈóÑö.
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ Úóäö ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö ÇáúÃóæøóáö ÈöãóäúÚö ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö Ýöí ÇáÔøóÑúÚö ÈöÇáúãõÓúáöãö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÚõÑúÝðÇ áöáúãõÊóÃóÎøöÑöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö¡ æóßóáóÇãõ ÇáÔøóÇÑöÚö ÅöäøóãóÇ íóäúÒöáõ Úóáóì ÚõÑúÝöåö¡ áóÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÕóÇÑó ÚõÑúÝðÇ áöáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö.
ßóíúÝó æóÅöäøó Íóãúáó ÇáúÂíóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö ÇáúãõÓúáöãö ãöãøóÇ íõæåöãõ ÞóÈõæáó ÎóÈóÑö ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞö¡ äóÙóÑðÇ Åöáóì ÞóÖöíøóÉö ÇáúãóÝúåõæãö¡ æóåõæó ÎöáóÇÝõ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö.
æóáóÇ íóÎúÝóì Ãóäøó Íóãúáó ÇááøóÝúÙö Úóáóì ãóÇ íóáúÒóãõ ãöäúåõ ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉõ Ïóáöíáò¡ Ãóæú ãóÇ ÇÎúÊõáöÝó Ýöí ßóæúäöåö ÏóáöíáðÇ Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúÃóÕúáö.
æóÚóäö ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö ÇáËøóÇäöí Ãóäøó ÇáúÚóãóáó ÈöãóÇ ÐóßóÑúäóÇåõ Ãóæúáóì¡ áöÊóæóÇÊõÑöåö æóÎõÕõæÕöåö ÈöÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö¡ ãõÊøóÝóÞñ Úóáóì ÊóÎúÕöíÕöåö æóãõÎóÇáóÝóÊöåö¡ æóãóÇ ÐóßóÑõæåõ ÂÍóÇÏñ¡ æóåõæó ãõÊóäóÇæöáñ áöáúßóÇÝöÑö

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ÈöÚõãõæãö ßóæúäö ÎóÈóÑöåö ÙóÇåöÑðÇ¡ Ãóæú åõæó ãõÎóÇáöÝñ áöÎóÈóÑö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌö Úóäö ÇáúãöáøóÉö¡ æóÇáúÝóÇÓöÞõ ÅöÐóÇ Ùõäøó ÕöÏúÞõåõ ÝóÅöäøó ÎóÈóÑóåõ áóÇ íóßõæäõ ãóÞúÈõæáðÇ ÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö.

[ÇáÔøóÑúØõ ÇáËøóÇáöËõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÖóÈúØõåõ áöãóÇ íóÓúãóÚõåõ ÃóÑúÌóÍó ãöäú ÚóÏóãö ÖóÈúØöåö]
ö¡ æóÐößúÑõåõ áóåõ ÃóÑúÌóÍó ãöäú Óóåúæöåö¡ áöÍõÕõæáö ÛóáóÈóÉö ÇáÙøóäøö ÈöÕöÏúÞöåö ÝöíãóÇ íóÑúæöíåö.
æóÅöáøóÇ¡ ÝóÈöÊóÞúÏöíÑö ÑõÌúÍóÇäò ãõÞóÇÈöáö ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäó ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö Úóáóíúåö Ãóæú ãõÚóÇÏóáóÊöåö áóåõ ÝóÑöæóÇíóÊõåõ áóÇ Êóßõæäõ ãóÞúÈõæáóÉð áöÚóÏóãö ÍõÕõæáö ÇáÙøóäøö ÈöÕöÏúÞöåö¡ ÅöãøóÇ Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏö ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑóíúäö Ýóáößóæúäö ÕöÏúÞöåö ãóÑúÌõæÍðÇ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑö ÇáúÂÎóÑö ÝóáöÖóÑõæÑóÉö ÇáÊøóÓóÇæöí.
æóÅöäú Ìõåöáó ÍóÇáõ ÇáÑøóÇæöí Ýöí Ðóáößó¡ ßóÇäó ÇáöÇÚúÊöãóÇÏõ Úóáóì ãóÇ åõæó ÇáúÃóÛúáóÈõ ãöäú ÍóÇáö ÇáÑøõæóÇÉö¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íõÚúáóãö ÇáúÃóÛúáóÈõ ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäó ÇáöÇÎúÊöÈóÇÑö æóÇáöÇãúÊöÍóÇäö.
ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó Åöäøóåõ æóÅöäú ÛóáóÈó ÇáÓøóåúæõ Úóáóì ÇáÐøößúÑö Ãóæú ÊóÚóÇÏóáóÇ ÝóÇáÑøóÇæöí ÚóÏúáñ¡ æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ ãöäúåõ Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÑúæöí ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ íóËöÞõ ãöäú äóÝúÓöåö ÈöÐößúÑöåö áóåõ æóÖóÈúØöåö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó ÃóäúßóÑóÊú Úóáóì ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ßóËúÑóÉó ÑöæóÇíóÊöåö¡ ÍóÊøóì ÞóÇáóÊú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ: ÑóÍöãó Çááøóåõ ÃóÈóÇ åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ áóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÑóÌõáðÇ ãöåúÒóÇÑðÇ Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇáúãöåúÑóÇÓö (1) æóãóÚó Ðóáößó ÞóÈöáõæÇ ÃóÎúÈóÇÑóåõ¡ áöãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ ãöäú ÍóÇáöåö Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÑúæöí ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ íóËöÞõ ãöäú äóÝúÓöåö ÈöÖóÈúØöåö æóÐößúÑöåö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÎóÈóÑó Ïóáöíáñ æóÇáúÃóÕúáõ Ýöíåö ÇáÕøöÍøóÉõ¡ ÝóÊóÓóÇæöí ÇáÖøóÈúØö æóÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇáö æóÇáÐøößúÑö æóÇáäøöÓúíóÇäö ÛóÇíóÊõåõ Ãóäøóåõ ãõæÌöÈñ áöáÔøóßøö Ýöí ÇáÕøöÍøóÉö¡ æóÇáÔøóßøõ Ýöí Ðóáößó áóÇ íóÞúÏóÍõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÕúáö¡ ßóãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãõÊóØóåøöÑðÇ¡ Ëõãøó Ôóßøó ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó Ãóäøóåõ ãõÍúÏöËñ Ãóæú ØóÇåöÑñ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÃóÕúáó åóÇåõäóÇ áóÇ íõÊúÑóßõ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáÔøóßøö.
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(1) ÍóÏöíËõ ÇáúãöåúÑóÇÓö íõÔöíÑõ Èöåö Åöáóì ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó Ýöí äóåúíö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãóäú ÞóÇãó ãöäó Çáäøóæúãö Ãóäú íõÏúÎöáó íóÏóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÅöäóÇÁö ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóÛúÓöáóåóÇ ËóáóÇËðÇ¡ æóãõÑóÇÌóÚóÊõåõ Ýöíåö åóÐóÇ¡ æóáóãú íóËúÈõÊú Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÃóäøóåóÇ ÑóãóÊú ÃóÈóÇ åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÇáúåóÐúÑó¡ æóáóÇ ÃóäøóåóÇ ÞóÇáóÊú áóåõ: ãóÇ ÊóÕúäõÚõ ÈöÇáúãöåúÑóÇÓö¿ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÓóÃóáóåõ ÑóÌõáñ íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ Þóíúäñ ÇáúÃóÔúÌóÚöíøõ - ÇäúÙõÑú ãõÓúäóÏó ÃóÍúãóÏó¡ æóÑóÏøó ÇáÔøóíúÎö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö íóÍúíóì ÇáúãõÚóáøöãöíøö Úóáóì ÃóÈöí ÑóíøóÉó¡ æóãóÇ ßóÊóÈóåõ ÇáÏøõßúÊõæÑõ ãõÕúØóÝóì ÇáÓøöÈóÇÚöíøõ Ýöí ÇáúÌõÒúÁö ÇáÊøóÇÓöÚö ãöäó ÇáúãõÌóáøóÏö ÇáúÚóÇÔöÑö ãöäú ãóÌóáøóÉö ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó.

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ÞõáúäóÇ: ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúÛóÑóÖõ (1) ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ÛóáóÈóÉõ ÇáÓøóåúæö Ãóæö ÇáÊøóÚóÇÏõáõ¡ ÝóÇáÑøóÇæöí æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÛóÇáöÈõ ãöäú ÍóÇáöåö Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÑúæöí ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ íóÙõäøõ Ãóäøóåõ ÐóÇßöÑñ áóåõ¡ ÝóÐóáößó áóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÍõÕõæáó ÇáÙøóäøö ÈöÕöÍøóÉö ÑöæóÇíóÊöåöº áöÃóäøó ãöäú ÔóÃúäöåö ÇáäøöÓúíóÇäó íóÙõäøõ Ãóäøóåõ ãóÇ äóÓöíó¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó äóÇÓöíðÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÅöäúßóÇÑõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö Úóáóì ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ßóËúÑóÉó ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö¡ Ýóáóãú íóßõäú Ðóáößó áöÇÎúÊöáóÇáö ÖóÈúØöåö æóÛóáóÈóÉö ÇáäøöÓúíóÇäö Úóáóíúåö¡ Èóáú áöÃóäøó ÇáúÅößúËóÇÑó ãöãøóÇ áóÇ íõÄúãóäõ ãóÚóåõ ÇÎúÊöáóÇáõ ÇáÖøóÈúØö ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íóÚúÑöÖõ áöãóäú ÞóáøóÊú ÑöæóÇíóÊõåõ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÈóÚöíÏðÇ.
æóãóÇ Þöíáó ãöäú Ãóäøó ÇáúÎóÈóÑó Ïóáöíáñ¡ æóÇáúÃóÕúáó Ýöíåö ÇáÕøöÍøóÉõ¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÊúÑóßõ ÈöÇáÔøóßøö.
ÞõáúäóÇ: ÅöäøóãóÇ íóßõæäõ ÏóáöíáðÇ¡ æóÇáúÃóÕúáõ Ýöíåö ÇáÕøöÍøóÉõ¡ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãõÛóáøöÈðÇ Úóáóì ÇáÙøóäøö¡ æóãóÚó ÚóÏóãö ÊóÑúÌöíÍö ÐößúÑö ÇáÑøóÇæöí Úóáóì äöÓúíóÇäöåö áóÇ íóßõæäõ ãõÛóáøöÈðÇ Úóáóì ÇáÙøóäøö ÝóáóÇ íóßõæäõ ÏóáöíáðÇ áöæõÞõæÚö ÇáÊøóÑóÏøõÏö Ýöí ßóæúäöåö ÏóáöíáðÇ áóÇ Ýöí ÃóãúÑò ÎóÇÑöÌò Úóäúåõ¡ æóáóÇ ßóÐóáößó ÝöíãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ Ôóßøó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏóËö¡ Ëõãøó ÊóíóÞøóäó ÓóÇÈöÞóÉó ÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÊóíóÞøõäó ÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉö áóÇ íóÞúÏóÍõ Ýöíåö ÇáÔøóßøõ ÇáØøóÇÑöÆõ¡ æóÈöÇáäøóÙóÑö Åöáóíúåö íóÊóÑóÌøóÍõ Åöáóíúåö ÃóÍóÏõ ÇáöÇÍúÊöãóÇáóíúäö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÈúÞóì ãóÚóåõ ÇáÔøóßøõ Ýöí ÇáÏøóæóÇãö ÍóÊøóì Åöäøóåõ áóæú ÈóÞöíó ÇáÔøóßøõ ãóÚó ÇáäøóÙóÑö Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÕúáö¡ áóãóÇ Íõßöãó ÈöÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉö.

[ÇáÔøóÑúØõ ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáÑøóÇæöí ãõÊøóÕöÝðÇ ÈöÕöÝóÉö ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö]
ö æóÐóáößó íóÊóæóÞøóÝõ Úóáóì ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö (ÇáúÚóÏúáö) áõÛóÉð æóÔóÑúÚðÇ.
ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÚóÏúáõ Ýöí ÇááøõÛóÉö¡ Ýóåõæó ÚöÈóÇÑóÉñ Úóäö ÇáúãõÊóæóÓøöØö Ýöí ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÅöÝúÑóÇØò Ýöí ØóÑóÝóíö ÇáÒøöíóÇÏóÉö æóÇáäøõÞúÕóÇäö¡ æóãöäúåõ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóßóÐóáößó ÌóÚóáúäóÇßõãú ÃõãøóÉð æóÓóØðÇ} Ãóíú ÚóÏúáðÇ.
ÝóÇáúæóÓóØõ æóÇáúÚóÏúáõ ÈöãóÚúäðì æóÇÍöÏò.
æóÞóÏú íõØúáóÞõ Ýöí ÇááøõÛóÉö æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑõ ÇáúãõÞóÇÈöáõ áöáúÌóæúÑö¡ æóåõæó ÇÊøöÕóÇÝõ ÇáúÛóíúÑö ÈöÝöÚúáö ãóÇ íóÌöÈõ áóåõ¡ æóÊóÑúßö ãóÇ áóÇ íóÌöÈõ¡ æóÇáúÌóæúÑõ Ýöí ãõÞóÇÈóáóÊöåö.
æóÞóÏú íõØúáóÞõ: æóíõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ãóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö íóÊóÚóÏøóì ÇáúÝóÇÚöáõ Åöáóì ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóãöäúåõ íõÞóÇáõ áöáúãóáößö ÇáúãõÍúÓöäö Åöáóì ÑóÚöíøóÊöåö: ÚóÇÏöáñ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Ýöí áöÓóÇäö ÇáúãõÊóÔóÑøöÚóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÏú íõØúáóÞõ æóíõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ÃóåúáöíøóÉõ ÞóÈõæáö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö æóÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
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(1) ÇáúÛóÑóÖõº ÈóÇáúÛóíúäö¡ ÕóæóÇÈõåõ: ÇáúÝóÑúÖõº ÈöÇáúÝóÇÁö.

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æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÇáúÛóÒóÇáöíøõ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóåúáöíøóÉö ÅöäøóåóÇ ÚöÈóÇÑóÉñ Úóäö ÇÓúÊöÞóÇãóÉö ÇáÓøöíÑóÉö æóÇáÏøöíäö.
æóÍóÇÕöáõåóÇ íóÑúÌöÚõ Åöáóì åóíúÆóÉò ÑóÇÓöÎóÉò Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúÓö ÊóÍúãöáõ Úóáóì ãõáóÇÒóãóÉö ÇáÊøóÞúæóì æóÇáúãõÑõæÁóÉö ÌóãöíÚðÇ¡ ÍóÊøóì ÊóÍúÕõáó ËöÞóÉõ ÇáäøõÝõæÓö ÈöÕöÏúÞöåö.
æóÐóáößó ÅöäøóãóÇ íóÊóÍóÞøóÞõ ÈöÇÌúÊöäóÇÈö ÇáúßóÈóÇÆöÑö æóÈóÚúÖö ÇáÕøóÛóÇÆöÑö æóÈóÚúÖö ÇáúãõÈóÇÍóÇÊö.
ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúßóÈóÇÆöÑõ ÝóÞóÏú Ñóæóì ÇÈúäõ ÚõãóÑó Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «ÇáúßóÈóÇÆöÑõ ÊöÓúÚñº ÇáÔøöÑúßõ ÈöÇááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÞóÊúáõ ÇáäøóÝúÓö ÇáúãõÄúãöäóÉö¡ æóÞóÐúÝõ ÇáúãõÍúÕóäóÉö¡ æóÇáÒøöäóÇ¡ æóÇáúÝöÑóÇÑõ ãöäó ÇáÒøóÍúÝö¡ æóÇáÓøöÍúÑõ¡ æóÃóßúáõ ãóÇáö ÇáúíóÊöíãö¡ æóÚõÞõæÞõ ÇáúæóÇáöÏóíúäö ÇáúãõÓúáöãóíúäö¡ æóÇáúÅöáúÍóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÈóíúÊö ÇáúÍóÑóÇãö» ".
æóÑóæóì ÃóÈõæ åõÑóíúÑóÉó ãóÚó Ðóáößó: «Ãóßúáõ ÇáÑøöÈóÇ¡ æóÇáöÇäúÞöáóÇÈõ Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈö ÈóÚúÏó åöÌúÑóÉò» .
æóÑõæöíó Úóäú Úóáöíøò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÖóÇÝó Åöáóì Ðóáößó: ÇáÓøóÑöÞóÉõ¡ æóÔõÑúÈõ ÇáúÎóãúÑö (1) .
æóÃóãøóÇ ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáÕøóÛóÇÆöÑö ÝóãóÇ íóÏõáøõ ÝöÚúáõåõ Úóáóì äóÞúÖö ÇáÏøöíäö¡ æóÚóÏóãö ÇáÊøóÑóÝøõÚö Úóäö ÇáúßóÐöÈö æóÐóáößó ßóÓóÑöÞóÉö áõÞúãóÉò¡ æóÇáÊøóØúÝöíÝö ÈöÍóÈøóÉò¡ æóÇÔúÊöÑóÇØö ÃóÎúÐö ÇáúÃõÌúÑóÉö Úóáóì ÅöÓúãóÇÚö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö æóäóÍúæöåö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÈóÇÍóÇÊö ÝöíãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì äóÞúÕö ÇáúãõÑõæÁóÉö¡ æóÏóäóÇÁóÉö ÇáúåöãøóÉö¡ ßóÇáúÃóßúáö Ýöí ÇáÓøõæÞö æóÇáúÈóæúáö Ýöí ÇáÔøóæóÇÑöÚö æóÕõÍúÈóÉö ÇáúÃóÑóÇÐöáö¡ æóÇáúÅöÝúÑóÇØö Ýöí ÇáúãóÒúÍö. æóäóÍúæö Ðóáößó ãöãøóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÓõÑúÚóÉö ÇáúÅöÞúÏóÇãö Úóáóì ÇáúßóÐöÈö¡ æóÚóÏóãö ÇáöÇßúÊöÑóÇËö Èöåö.
æóáóÇ ÎöáóÇÝó Ýöí ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇÌúÊöäóÇÈö åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö Ýöí ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö ÇáúãõÚúÊóÈóÑóÉö Ýöí ÞóÈõæáö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö æóÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãóº áöÃóäøó ãóäú áóÇ íóÌúÊóäöÈõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãõæÑó ÃóÍúÑóì Ãóäú áóÇ íóÌúÊóäöÈó ÇáúßóÐöÈó¡ ÝóáóÇ íóßõæäõ ãóæúËõæÞðÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåö.
æóáóÇ ÎöáóÇÝó ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí ÇÔúÊöÑóÇØö åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚóÉö Ýöí ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö.
æóÊóÎúÊóÕøõ ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉõ ÈöÔõÑõæØò ÃõÎóÑó: ßóÇáúÍõÑøöíøóÉö¡ æóÇáÐøõßõæÑóÉö¡ æóÇáúÚóÏóÏö æóÇáúÈóÕóÑö¡ æóÚóÏóãö ÇáúÞóÑóÇÈóÉö æóÇáúÚóÏóÇæóÉö.
æóÅöÐú ÃóÊóíúäóÇ ÔõÑõæØó ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäó ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Åöáóì ÐößúÑö ãóÓóÇÆöáó ãõÊóÔóÚøöÈóÉò Úóäú ÔõÑõæØö ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö ÌóÑóÊö ÇáúÚóÇÏóÉõ ÈöÐößúÑöåóÇ æóåöíó ËóãóÇäõ ãóÓóÇÆöáó.
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(1) ÇäúÙõÑú ÊóÚúÑöíÝó ÇáúßóÈöíÑóÉö æóÃóÍóÇÏöíËöåóÇ Ýöí ßõÊõÈö ÇáúßóÈóÇÆöÑö¡ æóãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò Ýöí Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËö æóÇáúÂËóÇÑö Ýöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑöåö áöÂíóÉö (Åöäú ÊóÌúÊóäöÈõæÇ ßóÈóÇÆöÑó ãóÇ Êõäúåóæúäó Úóäúåõ äõßóÝøöÑú Úóäúßõãú ÓóíøöÆóÇÊößõãú) ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö.

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[ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ÇáúÃõæáóì ãóÌúåõæáó ÇáúÍóÇáö ÛóíúÑõ ãóÞúÈõæáö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö]
ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ÇáúÃõæáóì
ãóÐúåóÈõ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö æóÃóÍúãóÏó Èúäö ÍóäúÈóáò æóÃóßúËóÑö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö Ãóäøó ãóÌúåõæáó ÇáúÍóÇáö (1) ÛóíúÑõ ãóÞúÈõæáö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö¡ Èóáú áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú ÎöÈúÑóÉò ÈóÇØöäóÉò ÈöÍóÇáöåö æóãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÓöíÑóÊöåö¡ æóßóÔúÝö ÓóÑöíÑóÊöåö¡ Ãóæú ÊóÒúßöíóÉö ãóäú ÚõÑöÝóÊú ÚóÏóÇáóÊõåõ æóÊóÚúÏöíáõåõ áóåõ.
æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóÃóÊúÈóÇÚõåõ: íõßúÊóÝóì Ýöí ÞóÈõæáö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö ÈöÙõåõæÑö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÇáÓøóáóÇãóÉö Úóäö ÇáúÝöÓúÞö ÙóÇåöÑðÇ¡ æóÞóÏö ÇÍúÊóÌøó ÇáäøóÇÝõæäó ÈöÍõÌóÌò:
ÇáúÃõæáóì: Ãóäøó ÇáÏøóáöíáó íóäúÝöí ÞóÈõæáó ÎóÈóÑö ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö æóåõæó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäú ÌóÇÁóßõãú ÝóÇÓöÞñ ÈöäóÈóÅò ÝóÊóÈóíøóäõæÇ} ÛóíúÑó ÃóäøóÇ ÎóÇáóÝúäóÇåõ Ýöíãóäú ÙóåóÑóÊú ÚóÏóÇáóÊõåõ ÈöÇáöÇÎúÊöÈóÇÑö ÈöãóÚúäóì áóÇ æõÌõæÏó áóåõ Ýöí ãóÍóáøö ÇáäøöÒóÇÚö¡ æóåõæó ãóÇ ÇÎúÊóÕøó Èöåö ãöäú ÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÙõåõæÑö ÇáËøöÞóÉö ÈöÞóæúáöåö¡ ÝóæóÌóÈó Ãóäú áóÇ íõÞúÈóáó.
æóáöÞóÇÆöáò Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: ÇáúÂíóÉõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÏóáøóÊú Úóáóì ÇãúÊöäóÇÚö ÞóÈõæáö ÎóÈóÑö ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö¡ æóãóäú ÙóåóÑó ÅöÓúáóÇãõåõ æóÓóáöãó ãöäó ÇáúÝöÓúÞö ÙóÇåöÑðÇ¡ áóÇ äõÓóáøöãõ Ãóäøóåõ ÝóÇÓöÞñ ÍóÊøóì íóäúÏóÑöÌó ÊóÍúÊó Úõãõæãö ÇáúÂíóÉö.
æóÇÍúÊöãóÇáõ æõÌõæÏö ÇáúÝöÓúÞö Ýöíåö áóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ßóæúäóåõ ÝóÇÓöÞðÇ ÈöÏóáöíáö ÇáúÚóÏúáö ÇáúãõÊøóÝöÞö Úóáóì ÚóÏóÇáóÊöåö.
ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉõ: Ãóäøóåõ ãóÌúåõæáõ ÇáúÍóÇáö ÝóáóÇ íõÞúÈóáõ ÅöÎúÈóÇÑõåõ Ýöí ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉöº ÏóÝúÚðÇ áöÇÍúÊöãóÇáö ãóÝúÓóÏóÉö ÇáúßóÐöÈö¡ ßóÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÚõÞõæÈóÇÊö.
æóáöÞóÇÆöáò Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇÍúÊöãóÇáõ ÇáúßóÐöÈö ÞóÇÆöãðÇ (ÙóÇåöÑðÇ) ¡ ÛóíúÑó Ãóäøó ÇÍúÊöãóÇáó ÇáÕøöÏúÞö ãóÚó ÙõåõæÑö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÇáÓøóáóÇãóÉö ãöäó ÇáúÝöÓúÞö ÙóÇåöÑðÇ ÃóÙúåóÑõ ãöäö ÇÍúÊöãóÇáö ÇáúßóÐöÈö.
æóãóÚó Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÇÍúÊöãóÇáõ ÇáúÞóÈõæáö íóßõæäõ Ãóæúáóì ãöäó ÇÍúÊöãóÇáö ÇáÑøóÏøö¡ æóáóÇ íõãúßöäõ ÇáúÞöíóÇÓõ Úóáóì ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉöº áöÃóäøó ÇáöÇÍúÊöíóÇØó Ýöí ÈóÇÈö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö ÃóÊóãøõ ãöäúåõ Ýöí ÈóÇÈö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúÚóÏóÏõ æóÇáúÍõÑöíøóÉõ ãõÔúÊóÑóØðÇ Ýöí ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö Ïõæäó ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö¡ æóãõÊóÚóÈøóÏðÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÈöÃóáúÝóÇÙò ÎóÇÕøóÉò ÛóíúÑö ãõÚúÊóÈóÑóÉò Ýöí ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö¡ ÍóÊøóì Åöäøóåõ áóæú ÞóÇáó " ÃóÚúáóãõ " ÈóÏóáó Þóæúáöåö " ÃóÔúåóÏõ " áóãú íóßõäú ãóÞúÈõæáðÇ.
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(1) ãóÌúåõæáõ ÇáúÍóÇáö: ãóäú Ñóæóì Úóäúåõ ÇËúäóÇäö ÝóÃóßúËóÑõ æóáóãú íõæËøóÞú¡ æóíõÓóãøóì ãóÓúÊõæÑðÇ¡ ÃóãøóÇ ÈöãóÌúåõæáö ÇáúÚóíúäö Ýóåõæó ãóäú ÚõÑöÝó ÇÓúãõåõ æóáóßöäö ÇäúÝóÑóÏó ÈöÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö Úóäúåõ æóÇÍöÏñ¡ æóãóäú áóãú íõÓóãøó ÝóãõÈúåóãñ ßóÍóÏøóËóäöí ÑóÌõáñ æóÍóÏøóËóäöí ÇáËøöÞóÉõ æóåõæó ÃóÏúÎõáõ Ýöí ÌóåóÇáóÉö ÇáúÚóíúäö ãöãøóÇ ÞóÈúáóåõ

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æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóáúÒóãõ ãöäó ÇÔúÊöÑóÇØö ÙõåõæÑö ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö Ýöí ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö ÈöÇáúÎöÈúÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÇØöäóÉö ÇÔúÊöÑóÇØõ Ðóáößó Ýöí ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö.
ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ ÇáËøóÇáöËóÉõ: ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÃóÌúãóÚúäóÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉó ÔóÑúØñ Ýöí ÞóÈõæáö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóäøó ÈõáõæÛó ÑõÊúÈóÉö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö Ýöí ÇáúÝöÞúåö ÔóÑúØñ Ýöí ÞóÈõæáö ÇáúÝóÊúæóì¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóÙúåóÑú ÍóÇáõ ÇáÑøóÇæöí ÈöÇáöÇÎúÊöÈóÇÑö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÊõÞúÈóáõ ÃóÎúÈóÇÑõåõ ÏóÝúÚðÇ áöáúãóÝúÓóÏóÉö ÇááøóÇÒöãóÉö ãöäú ÝóæóÇÊö ÇáÔøóÑúØö ßóãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóÙúåóÑú ÈöÇáöÇÎúÊöÈóÇÑö ÈõáõæÛõ ÇáúãõÝúÊöí ÑõÊúÈóÉó ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ íóÌöÈõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÞóáøöÏö ÇÊøöÈóÇÚõåõ ÅöÌúãóÇÚðÇ.
æóáöÞóÇÆöáò Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: ÇáúãõÌúãóÚõ Úóáóì ÇÔúÊöÑóÇØöåö Ýöí ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉõ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÙõåõæÑö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÇáÓøóáóÇãóÉö ãöäó ÇáúÝöÓúÞö ÙóÇåöÑðÇ¡ Ãóæú ÈöãóÚúäðì ÂÎóÑó¡ æóÇáúÃóæøóáõ ãõÓóáøóãñ¡ ÛóíúÑó Ãóäøó ãóÇ åõæó ÇáÔøóÑúØõ ãõÊóÍóÞøöÞñ ÝöíãóÇ äóÍúäõ Ýöíåö¡ æóÇáËøóÇäöí ãóãúäõæÚñ.
ßóíúÝó æóÅöäøó ãóÇ ÐóßóÑúÊõãõæåõ ãöäó ÇáúæóÕúÝö ÇáúÌóÇãöÚö ÛóíúÑõ ãõäóÇÓöÈò áöãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó Ýöí ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãóÉö¡ æóÈöÊóÞúÏöíÑö ÙõåõæÑö ãõäóÇÓóÈóÉö ÇáúæóÕúÝö ÇáúÌóÇãöÚö¡ ÝóÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõ ÈöÇáúãõÝúÊöí ÛóíúÑõ ãõãúßöäòº æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó ÈõáõæÛó ÑõÊúÈóÉö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ÃóÈúÚóÏõ Ýöí ÇáúÍõÕõæáö ãöäú ÍõÕõæáö ÕöÝóÉö ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉõ ÃóÛúáóÈó æõÞõæÚðÇ ãöäú ÑõÊúÈóÉö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáÔøóÑúÚöíøóÉö¡ æóÚöäúÏó Ðóáößó ÝóÇÍúÊöãóÇáõ ÚóÏóãö ÕöÝóÉö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö íóßõæäõ ÃóÛúáóÈó ãöäú ÚóÏóãö ÕöÝóÉö ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóáúÒóãõ ãöäú ÚóÏóãö ÞóÈõæáö Þóæúáö ÇáúãõÝúÊöí ãóÚó ÇáúÌóåúáö ÈöÍóÇáöåö ÇáúÞóÈõæáõ ÈöÚóÏóãö Þóæúáö ÇáÑøóÇæöí ãóÚó ÇáúÌóåúáö ÈöÍóÇáöåö.
ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚóÉõ: Ãóäøó ÚóÏóãó ÇáúÝöÓúÞö ÔóÑúØñ Ýöí ÞóÈõæáö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö¡ ÝóÇÚúÊõÈöÑó Ýöíåö ÇáúÎöÈúÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÇØöäöíøóÉõ ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉð Ýöí ÏóÝúÚö ÇáÖøóÑóÑö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÚóÏóãö ÇáÕøóÈöíøö æóÇáÑøöÞøö æóÇáúßõÝúÑö Ýöí ÞóÈõæáö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö.
æóáöÞóÇÆöáò Ãóäú íóÞõæáó ãóÇ ÐóßóÑúÊõãõæåõ ãöäó ÇáúæóÕúÝö ÇáúÌóÇãöÚö ÛóíúÑõ ãõäóÇÓöÈò áöãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó ÊóÞúÑöíÑõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö¡ æóÈöÊóÞúÏöíÑö ãõäóÇÓóÈóÊöåö ÝóÇáúÞöíóÇÓõ Úóáóì ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö ÛóíúÑõ ãõãúßöäò áöãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó.
ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ ÇáúÎóÇãöÓóÉõ: ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÑóÏøó ÚõãóÑõ ÑöæóÇíóÉó ÝóÇØöãóÉó ÈöäúÊö ÞóíúÓò áóãøóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ãóÌúåõæáóÉó ÇáúÍóÇáö¡ æóÚóáöíøñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÑóÏøó Þóæúáó ÇáúÃóÔúÌóÚöíøö Ýöí ÇáúãõÝóæøóÖóÉö¡ æóÇÔúÊõåöÑó Ðóáößó ÝöíãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóáóãú íõäúßöÑúåõ ãõäúßöÑñ ÝóßóÇäó ÅöÌúãóÇÚðÇ.
æóáöÞóÇÆöáò Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: ÃóãøóÇ ÑóÏøõ ÚõãóÑó áöÎóÈóÑö ÝóÇØöãóÉó ÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóÙúåóÑú áóåõ ÕöÏúÞõåóÇ (1) .
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(1) ÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ãóäøóåõ ÇÚúÊóÞóÏó ãõÚóÇÑóÖóÉó ÍóÏöíËöåóÇ áöãóÇ Ýóåöãóåõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: (áóÇ ÊõÎúÑöÌõæåõäøó ãöäú ÈõíõæÊöåöäøó æóáóÇ íóÎúÑõÌúäó ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíäó ÈöÝóÇÍöÔóÉò ãõÈóíøöäóÉò) ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: (ÃóÓúßöäõæåõäøó ãöäú ÍóíúËõ ÓóßóäúÊõãú ãöäú æõÌúÏößõãú) ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáØøóáóÇÞö¡ ÝóÑóÏøóåõ¡ æóáóíúÓó Ðóáößó áöÌóåóÇáóÉö ÍóÇáöåóÇ.

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æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó: ßóíúÝó äóÞúÈóáõ Þóæúáó ÇãúÑóÃóÉò áóÇ äóÏúÑöí ÃóÕúÏóÞóÊú Ãóãú ßóÐöÈóÊú.
æóãóÇ äóÍúäõ Ýöíåö áóíúÓó ßóÐóáößó¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãóäú ÙóåóÑó ÅöÓúáóÇãõåõ æóÓóáóÇãóÊõåõ ãöäó ÇáúÝöÓúÞö ÙóÇåöÑðÇ¡ ÝóÇÍúÊöãóÇáõ ÕöÏúÞöåö áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó ÃóÙúåóÑõ ãöäö ÇÍúÊöãóÇáö ßóÐöÈöåö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÑóÏøõ Úóáöíøò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ áöÎóÈóÑö ÇáúÃóÔúÌóÚöíøö ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóíúÖðÇ áöÚóÏóãö ÙõåõæÑö ÕöÏúÞöåö ÚöäúÏóåõº æóáöåóÐóÇ æóÕóÝóåõ Èößóæúäöåö ÈóæøóÇáðÇ Úóáóì ÚóÞöÈóíúåöº Ãóíú: ÛóíúÑö ãõÍúÊóÑöÒò Ýöí ÃõãõæÑö Ïöíäöåö.
æóíóÌöÈõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ßóÐóáößó¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ßóÇäó ãõÎóÇáöÝðÇ áöÞóæúáöåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «äóÍúäõ äóÍúßõãõ ÈöÇáÙøóÇåöÑö¡ æóÇááøóåõ íóÊóæóáøóì ÇáÓøóÑóÇÆöÑó» ".
æóÇáúãõÚúÊóãóÏõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö ÃóäøóÇ äóÞõæáõ: ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÈöæõÌõæÈö ÞóÈõæáö ÑöæóÇíóÉö ãóÌúåõæáö ÇáúÍóÇáö íóÓúÊóÏúÚöí ÏóáöíáðÇ¡ æóÇáúÃóÕúáõ ÚóÏóãõ Ðóáößó ÇáÏøóáöíáö¡ æóÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöíøóÉñ ÙóäøöíøóÉñ¡ ÝóßóÇäó Ðóáößó ßóÇÝöíðÇ ÝöíåóÇ (1) .
ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó: ÈóíóÇäõ æõÌõæÏö ÇáÏøóáöíáö ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáäøóÕøö æóÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö æóÇáúãóÚúÞõæáö.
ÃóãøóÇ ÇáäøóÕøõ Ýóãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäú ÌóÇÁóßõãú ÝóÇÓöÞñ ÈöäóÈóÅò ÝóÊóÈóíøóäõæÇ} ÃóãúÑñ ÈöÇáÊøóËóÈøõÊö ãóÔúÑõæØðÇ ÈöÇáúÝöÓúÞö ÝóãóÇ áóãú íóÙúåóÑö ÇáúÝöÓúÞõ áóÇ íóÌöÈõ ÇáÊøóËóÈøõÊõ Ýöíåö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÓøõäøóÉõ Ýóãöäú æóÌúåóíúäöº ÇáúÃóæøóáõ: Þóæúáõåõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ: " «ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÍúßõãõ ÈöÇáÙøóÇåöÑö¡ æóÇááøóåõ íóÊóæóáøóì ÇáÓøóÑóÇÆöÑó» " (2) æóãóÇ äóÍúäõ Ýöíåö ÝóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ ãöäú ÍóÇáöåö ÇáÕøöÏúÞõ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÏóÇÎöáðÇ ÊóÍúÊó Úõãõæãö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁóåõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈöíøõ¡ æóÞóÇáó: (ÃóÔúåóÏõ Ãóäú áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåõ) æóÔóåöÏó ÈöÑõÄúíóÉö ÇáúåöáóÇáö ÚöäúÏóåõ¡ ÞóÈúáó ÔóåóÇÏóÊöåö¡ æóÃóãóÑó ÈöÇáäøöÏóÇÁö ÈöÇáÕøóæúãö áóãøóÇ ËóÈóÊó ÚöäúÏóåõ ÅöÓúáóÇãõåõ
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(1) Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝñ ÈöÃóäøó ãöäú ãóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ãóÇ åõæó Ùóäøöíøñ Èóáú ãóäú ÊóÊóÈøóÚó ÇáúãóÓóÇÆöáó ÇáúÎöáóÇÝöíøóÉó Ýöí ÃõÕõæáö ÇáúÝöÞúåö æóÌóÏó ÃóßúËóÑóåóÇ ÙóäøöíøðÇ Èóáú íóÍóÇÑõ ÇáúßóËöíÑõ ãöäúåõãú Ýöí ßóËöíÑò ãöäúåóÇ ÚöäúÏó ÊóÚóÇÑõÖö ÇáúÃóÏöáøóÉö æóÊóßóÇÝõÆöåóÇ Ýöí äóÙóÑöåö æóáóÇ íóÞúæóì Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÑúÌöíÍö¡ æóãöäú ÃõæáóÆößó ÇáúÂãöÏöíøõ
(2) ÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóæúßóÇäöíøõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÌúãõæÚóÉö ÇáúãõÝöíÏóÉö: ÍóÏöíËõ: äóÍúäõ äóÍúßõãõ ÈöÇáÙøóÇåöÑö¡ íóÍúÊóÌøõ Èöåö Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÃõÕõæáö æóáóÇ ÃóÕúáó áóåõ: ÃóÞõæáõ: ÞóÏú æóÑóÏó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóÉö ãóÇ íóÔúåóÏõ áöãóÚúäóÇåõ ãöËúáó Þóæúáöåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áöÃõÓóÇãóÉó ÃóÔóÞóÞúÊó Úóäú ÞóáúÈöåö ÅöäúßóÇÑðÇ áöÇÚúÊöÐóÇÑöåö Úóäú ÞóÊúáöåö ãóäú ÞóÇáó áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÇáóåóÇ ÊóÚóæøõÐðÇ

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æóáóãú íóÚúáóãú ãöäúåõ ãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÝöÓúÞðÇ¡ ÝóÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉõ Ãóæúáóì (1) .
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ Ýóåõæó Ãóäøó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÊøóÝöÞöíäó Úóáóì ÞóÈõæáö ÃóÞúæóÇáö ÇáúÚóÈöíÏö æóÇáäøöÓúæóÇäö æóÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈö ÇáúãóÌóÇåöíáö áóãøóÇ ÙóåóÑó ÅöÓúáóÇãõåõãú æóÓóáóÇãóÊõåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÝöÓúÞö ÙóÇåöÑðÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãóÚúÞõæáõ Ýóãöäú æóÌúåóíúäöº ÇáúÃóæøóáõ: Ãóäøó ÇáÑøóÇæöíó ãõÓúáöãñ áóãú íóÙúåóÑú ãöäúåõ ÝöÓúÞñ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÎóÈóÑõåõ ãóÞúÈõæáðÇ ßóÅöÎúÈóÇÑöåö Èößóæúäö ÇááøóÍúãö (áóÍúãó) ãõÐóßøðì¡ æóßóæúäö ÇáúãóÇÁö ØóÇåöÑðÇ Ãóæú äóÌöÓðÇ¡ æóßóæúäö ÇáúÌóÇÑöíóÉö ÇáúãóÈöíÚóÉö ÑóÞöíÞóÉð¡ æóßóæúäöåö ãõÊóØóåøöÑðÇ Úóäö ÇáúÍóÏóËóíúäöº ÍóÊøóì íóÕöÍøó ÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁõ Èöåö¡ æóäóÍúæöåö.
æóÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøóåõ áóæú ÃóÓúáóãó ßóÇÝöÑñ¡ æóÑóæóì ÚóÞöíÈó ÅöÓúáóÇãöåö ÎóÈóÑðÇ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ãõåúáóÉò¡ ÝóãóÚó ÙõåõæÑö ÅöÓúáóÇãöåö æóÚóÏóãö æõÌõæÏö ãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÝöÓúÞóåõ ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÓúáóÇãöåö¡ íóãúÊóäöÚõ ÑóÏøõ ÑöæóÇíóÊöåö¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÞõÈöáóÊú ÑöæóÇíóÊõåõ ÍóÇáó ÅöÓúáóÇãöåö¡ ÝóØõæáõ ãõÏøóÊöåö Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö Ãóæúáóì Ãóäú áóÇ ÊõæÌöÈó ÑóÏøóåõ.
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ Úóäö ÇáúÂíóÉö Ãóäøó ÇáúÚóãóáó ÈöãõæÌöÈöåóÇ äóÝúíðÇ æóÅöËúÈóÇÊðÇ ãõÊóæóÞøöÝñ Úóáóì ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ßóæúäöåö ÝóÇÓöÞðÇ Ãóæú áóíúÓó ÝóÇÓöÞðÇ¡ áóÇ Úóáóì ÚóÏóãö ÚöáúãöäóÇ ÈöÝöÓúÞöåö¡ æóÐóáößó áóÇ íóÊöãøõ Ïõæäó ÇáúÈóÍúËö æóÇáúßóÔúÝö Úóäú ÍóÇáöåö.
æóÚóäö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÇáúÃóæøóáö¡ ãöäú ËóáóÇËóÉö ÃóæúÌõåò:
ÇáúÃóæøóáõ: Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÃóÖóÇÝó ÇáúÍõßúãó ÈöÇáÙøóÇåöÑö Åöáóì äóÝúÓöåö¡ æóáóÇ íóáúÒóãõ ãöËúáõåõ Ýöí ÍóÞøö ÛóíúÑöåö ÅöáøóÇ ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÞöíóÇÓö Úóáóíúåö¡ áóÇ ÈöäóÝúÓö ÇáäøóÕøö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö¡ æóÇáúÞöíóÇÓõ Úóáóíúåö ãõãúÊóäöÚñº áöÃóäøó ãóÇ áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ãöäó ÇáöÇØøöáóÇÚö æóÇáúãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÈöÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúãõÎúÈöÑö áöÕóÝóÇÁö ÌóæúåóÑö äóÝúÓöåö æóÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕöåö Úóäö ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÈöãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ãóÇ áóÇ íóÚúÑöÝõåõ ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäúåõãú ãóäö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáúÛóíúÈöíøóÉö¡ ÛóíúÑõ ãõÊóÍóÞøöÞò Ýöí ÍóÞøö ÛóíúÑöåö (2) .
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøóåõ ÑóÊøóÈó ÇáúÍõßúãó Úóáóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö¡ æóÐóáößó æóÅöäú ßóÇäó íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ßóæúäöåö ÚöáøóÉð áöÞóÈõæáöåö æóÇáúÚóãóáö Èöåö¡ ÝóÊóÎóáøõÝõ ÇáúÍõßúãö Úóäúåõ Ýöí ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÚõÞõæÈóÇÊö æóÇáúÝóÊúæóì íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÈöÚöáøóÉò.
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(1) ÃóÕúáõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚóÉõ Ýöí ÇáÓøõäóäö ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÓöãóÇßö Èúäö ÍóÑúÈò¡ Úóäú ÚößúÑöãóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ãóæúÕõæáðÇ æóãõÑúÓóáðÇ¡ æóÇáÑøóÇÌöÍõ Ãóäøóåõ ãõÑúÓóáñ
(2) ÍóÏöíËõ ÅöäúßóÇÑöåö Úóáóì ÃõÓóÇãóÉó ÈöÞóæúáöåö: " ÃóÔóÞóÞúÊó Úóäú ÞóáúÈöåö " æóãóÇ Ýöí ãóÚúäóÇåõ íóÏõáøõ äóÕøðÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ Íõßúãõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö æóáóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉó Åöáóì ÞöíóÇÓò

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ÇáËøóÇáöËõ¡ ÇáúãõÚóÇÑóÖóÉõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäøó ÇáÙøóäøó áóÇ íõÛúäöí ãöäó ÇáúÍóÞøö ÔóíúÆðÇ} æóáóíúÓó ÇáúÚóãóáõ ÈöÚõãõæãö ÃóÍóÏö ÇáäøóÕøóíúäö æóÊóÃúæöíáö ÇáúÂÎóÑö Ãóæúáóì ãöäó ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ Èóáö ÇáúÚóãóáõ ÈöÇáúÂíóÉö Ãóæúáóìº áöÃóäøóåóÇ ãõÊóæóÇÊöÑóÉñ æóãóÇ ÐóßóÑõæåõ ÂÍóÇÏñ.
æóÚóäö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÇáËøóÇäöí: áóÇ äõÓóáøöãõ Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ áóãú íóÚúáóãú ãöäú ÍóÇáö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈöíøö Óöæóì ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö.
æóÚóäö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö¡ áóÇ äõÓóáøöãõ Ãóäøó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó ÞóÈöáõæÇ ÑöæóÇíóÉó ÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáúãóÌóÇåöíáö ÝöíãóÇ íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ ÈöÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
æóáöåóÐóÇ¡ ÑóÏøõæÇ ÑöæóÇíóÉó ãóäú Ìóåöáõæåõ ßóÑóÏøö ÚõãóÑó ÔóåóÇÏóÉó ÝóÇØöãóÉó ÈöäúÊö ÞóíúÓò¡ (1) æóÑóÏøö Úóáöíøò ÔóåóÇÏóÉó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈöíøö.
æóÚóäö ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáúÃóæøóáö ãöäó ÇáúãóÚúÞõæáö ÈöÇáúÝóÑúÞö Èóíúäó ÕõæóÑö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÔúåóÇÏö æóãóÍóáøö ÇáäøöÒóÇÚö.
æóÐóáößó ãöäú æóÌúåóíúäöº ÇáúÃóæøóáõ: Ãóäøó ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉó Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÃóÚúáóì ÑõÊúÈóÉð æóÃóÔúÑóÝõ ãóäúÕöÈðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÝöíãóÇ ÐóßóÑõæåõ ãöäó ÇáÕøõæóÑö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóáúÒóãõ ãöäó ÇáúÞóÈõæáö ãóÚó ÇáúÌóåúáö ÈöÍóÇáö ÇáÑøóÇæöí ÝöíãóÇ åõæó ÃóÏúäóì ÇáÑøõÊúÈóÊóíúäö ÞóÈõæáõåõ Ýöí ÃóÚúáóÇåöãóÇ.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑó ÝöíãóÇ ÐóßóÑõæåõ ãöäó ÇáÕøõæóÑö ãóÞúÈõæáñ ãóÚó ÙõåõæÑö ÇáúÝöÓúÞö¡ æóáóÇ ßóÐóáößó ÝöíãóÇ äóÍúäõ Ýöíåö.
æóÚóäö ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáËøóÇäöí: ãöäó ÇáúãóÚúÞõæáö ÈöãóäúÚö ÞóÈõæáö ÑöæóÇíóÊöåö Ïõæäó ÇáúÎöÈúÑóÉö ÈöÍóÇáöåö¡ áöÇÍúÊöãóÇáö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ßóÐõæÈðÇ¡ æóåõæó ÈóÇÞò Úóáóì ØóÈúÚöåö.
æóÅöäú ÞõáúäóÇ: ÑöæóÇíóÊõåõ Ýöí ãóÈúÏóÃö ÅöÓúáóÇãöåö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóáúÒóãõ Ðóáößó Ýöí ÍóÇáóÉö ÏóæóÇãöåö¡ áöãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÏóæóÇãöåö ãöäú ÑöÞøóÉö ÇáúÞóáúÈö¡ æóÔöÏøóÉö ÇáúÃóÎúÐö ÈöãõæÌöÈóÇÊöåö¡ æóÇáúÍöÑúÕö Úóáóì ÇãúÊöËóÇáö ãóÃúãõæÑóÇÊöåö¡ æóÇÌúÊöäóÇÈö ãóäúåöíøóÇÊöåö Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÔúåóÏõ Èöåö ÇáúÚõÑúÝõ æóÇáúÚóÇÏóÉõ Ýöí ÍóÞøö ßõáøö ãóäú ÏóÎóáó Ýöí ÃóãúÑò ãóÍúÈõæÈò æóÇáúÊóÒóãóåõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÛóÑóÇãóåõ Èöåö Ýöí ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö íóßõæäõ ÃóÔóÏøó ãöäúåõ Ýöí ÏóæóÇãöåö.
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(1) ÝóÇØöãóÉõ ÈöäúÊõ ÞóíúÓò ÃóæøóáðÇ áóíúÓóÊú ãóÌúåõæáóÉó ÇáúÍóÇáö ÚöäúÏó ÚõãóÑó¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÑóÏøó ÍóÏöíËóåóÇ áöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏöåö Ãóäøóåõ ãõÚóÇÑöÖñ áöáúÞõÑúÂäö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÊóÚúáöíÞðÇ¡ æóËóÇäöíðÇ åöíó ÕóÍóÇÈöíøóÉñº æóÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉõ ÚõÏõæáñ

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[ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞõ ÇáúãõÊóÃóæøöáõ ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íóÚúáóãõ ÝöÓúÞó äóÝúÓöåö]
ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉõ
ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞõ ÇáúãõÊóÃóæøöáõ ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íóÚúáóãõ ÝöÓúÞó äóÝúÓöåö áóÇ íóÎúáõæ¡ ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÝöÓúÞõåõ ãóÙúäõæäðÇ¡ Ãóæú ãóÞúØõæÚðÇ Èöåö¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãóÙúäõæäðÇ¡ ßóÝöÓúÞö ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøö ÅöÐóÇ ÔóÑöÈó ÇáäøóÈöíÐó¡ ÝóÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ ÞóÈõæáõ ÑöæóÇíóÊöåö æóÔóåóÇÏóÊöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ: ÅöÐóÇ ÔóÑöÈó ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøõ ÇáäøóÈöíÐó ÃõÍöÏøõåõ æóÃóÞúÈóáõ ÔóåóÇÏóÊóåõ.
æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÝöÓúÞõåõ ãóÞúØõæÚðÇ Èöåö¡ ÝóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãöãøóäú íóÑóì ÇáúßóÐöÈó æóíóÊóÏóíøóäõ Èöåö¡ Ãóæú áóÇ íóßõæäõ ßóÐóáößó¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÃóæøóáó ÝóáóÇ äóÚúÑöÝõ ÎöáóÇÝðÇ Ýöí ÇãúÊöäóÇÚö ÞóÈõæáö ÔóåóÇÏóÊöåö ßóÇáúÎóØøóÇÈöíøóÉö ãöäó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉöº áöÃóäøóåõãú íóÑóæúäó ÔóåóÇÏóÉó ÇáÒøõæÑö áöãõæóÇÝóÞöíåöãú Ýöí ÇáúãóÐúåóÈö.
æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáËøóÇäöí ßóÝöÓúÞö ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóÈóÇÍõæÇ ÇáÏøóÇÑó¡ æóÞóÊóáõæÇ ÇáúÃóØúÝóÇáó æóÇáäøöÓúæóÇäó Ýóåõæó ãóæúÖöÚõ ÇáúÎöáóÇÝö.
ÝóãóÐúåóÈõ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö æóÃóÊúÈóÇÚöåö æóÃóßúËóÑö ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö Ãóäøó ÑöæóÇíóÊóåõ æóÔóåóÇÏóÊóåõ ãóÞúÈõæáóÉñ¡ æóåõæó ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑõ ÇáúÛóÒóÇáöíøö æóÃóÈöí ÇáúÍõÓóíúäö ÇáúÈóÕúÑöíøö æóßóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúÃõÕõæáöíøöíäó.
æóÐóåóÈó ÇáúÞóÇÖöí ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóÇáúÌõÈøóÇÆöíøõ æóÃóÈõæ åóÇÔöãò æóÌóãóÇÚóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÃõÕõæáöíøöíäó Åöáóì ÇãúÊöäóÇÚö ÞóÈõæáö ÔóåóÇÏóÊöåö æóÑöæóÇíóÊöåö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãõÎúÊóÇÑõ.
æóÞóÏö ÇÍúÊóÌøó ÇáäøóÇÝõæäó ÈöÍõÌøóÉò ÖóÚöíÝóÉò¡ æóÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõãú ÞóÇáõæÇ¡ ÃóÌúãóÚúäóÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞó ÇáúãóÝúÑõæÖó¡ áóæú ßóÇäó ÚóÇáöãðÇ ÈöÝöÓúÞöåö áóãú íõÞúÈóáú ÎóÈóÑõåõ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÌóÇåöáðÇ ÈöÝöÓúÞöåö ãõÚúÊóÞöÏðÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÈöÝóÇÓöÞò¡ ÝóÞóÏö ÇäúÖóãøó Åöáóì ÝöÓúÞöåö ÝöÓúÞñ ÂÎóÑõ æóÎóØöíÆóÉñ ÃõÎúÑóì¡ æóåõæó ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÝöÓúÞö Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÈöÝöÓúÞò¡ ÝóßóÇäó Ãóæúáóì Ãóäú áóÇ íõÞúÈóáó ÎóÈóÑõåõ.
æóáöÞóÇÆöáò Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóÚúÊóÞöÏú Ãóäøóåõ ÝóÇÓöÞñ¡ æóßóÇäó ãõÊóÍóÑøöÌðÇ ãõÍúÊóÑöÒðÇ Ýöí Ïöíäöåö Úóäö ÇáúßóÐöÈö æóÇÑúÊößóÇÈö ÇáúãóÚúÕöíóÉö¡ ÝóßóÇäó (1) ÅöÎúÈóÇÑõåõ ãõÛóáøöÈðÇ Úóáóì ÇáÙøóäøö ÕöÏúÞóåõ¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ Úóáöãó Ãóäøó ãóÇ íóÃúÊöí Èöåö ÝöÓúÞðÇ¡ ÝóÐóáößó íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÞöáøóÉò ãõÈóÇáóÇÊöåö ÈöÇáúãóÚúÕöíóÉö¡ æóÚóÏóãö ÊóÍóÑøõÒöåö Úóäö ÇáúßóÐöÈö ÝóÇÝúÊóÑóÞóÇ.
æóÇáúãõÚúÊóãóÏõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáäøóÕøõ æóÇáúãóÚúÞõæáõ:
ÃóãøóÇ ÇáäøóÕøõ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäú ÌóÇÁóßõãú ÝóÇÓöÞñ ÈöäóÈóÅò ÝóÊóÈóíøóäõæÇ} ÃóãúÑñ ÈöÑóÏøö äóÈóÃö ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö.
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(1) ÝóßóÇäó - áóÚóáøóåõ ßóÇäó íóÍúÐöÝõ ÇáúÝóÇÁó áößóæúäöåö ÌóæóÇÈðÇ áöÜ " ÅöÐóÇ " ÇáÔøóÑúØöíøóÉö

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æóÇáúÎöáóÇÝõ ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó Ýöíãóäú ÞóØóÚó ÈöÝöÓúÞöåö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãõäúÏóÑöÌðÇ ÊóÍúÊó Úõãõæãö ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ ÛóíúÑó ÃóäøóÇ ÎóÇáóÝúäóÇåõ Ýöíãóäú ßóÇäó ÝöÓúÞõåõ ãóÙúäõæäðÇ¡ æóãóÇ äóÍúäõ Ýöíåö ãóÞúØõæÚñ ÈöÝöÓúÞöåö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóßõæäõ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÕõæÑóÉö ÇáúãõÎóÇáóÝóÉö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäøó ÇáÙøóäøó áóÇ íõÛúäöí ãöäó ÇáúÍóÞøö ÔóíúÆðÇ} ÛóíúÑó ÃóäøóÇ ÎóÇáóÝúäóÇåõ Ýöí ÎóÈóÑö ãóäú ÙóåóÑóÊú ÚóÏóÇáóÊõåõ¡ æóÝöíãóäú ßóÇäó ÝöÓúÞõåõ ãóÙúäõæäðÇ¡ ÝóíóÈúÞóì ÝöíãóÇ ÚóÏóÇåõ Úóáóì ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÏøóáöíáö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãóÚúÞõæáõ¡ Ýóåõæó Ãóäøó ÇáúÞóæúáó ÈöÞóÈõæáö ÎóÈóÑöåö íóÓúÊóÏúÚöí ÏóáöíáðÇ¡ æóÇáúÃóÕúáõ ÚóÏóãõåõ.
ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó: ÈóíóÇäõ æõÌõæÏö ÇáÏøóáöíáö ÇáäøóÕøõ æóÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ æóÇáúÞöíóÇÓõ:
ÃóãøóÇ ÇáäøóÕøõ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÍúßõãõ ÈöÇáÙøóÇåöÑö¡ æóÇááøóåõ íóÊóæóáøóì ÇáÓøóÑóÇÆöÑó» " æóÇáúÝóÇÓöÞõ ÝöíãóÇ äóÍúäõ Ýöíåö ãõÍúÊóÑöÒñ Úóäö ÇáúßóÐöÈö¡ ãõÊóÏóíøöäñ ÈöÊóÍúÑöíãöåö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÕöÏúÞõåõ Ýöí ÎóÈóÑöåö ÙóÇåöÑðÇ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãõäúÏóÑöÌðÇ ÊóÍúÊó Úõãõæãö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ Ýóåõæó Ãóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó ÞóÈöáõæÇ ÃóÞúæóÇáó ÞóÊóáóÉö ÚõËúãóÇäó æóÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö ãóÚó ÝöÓúÞöåöãú¡ æóáóãú íõäúßöÑú Ðóáößó ãõäúßöÑñ ÝóßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÅöÌúãóÇÚðÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÞöíóÇÓõ Ýóåõæó Ãóäøó ÇáÙøóäøó ÈöÕöÏúÞöåö ãóæúÌõæÏñ¡ ÝóßóÇäó æóÇÌöÈõ ÇáúÞóÈõæáö ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉð Ýöí ÊóÍúÕöíáö ãóÞúÕõæÏöåö ÞöíóÇÓðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÏúáö æóÇáúãóÙúäõæäö ÝöÓúÞõåõ.
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ Úóäö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ¡ æóÚóäö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö: ÃóäøóÇ áóÇ äõÓóáøöãõ Ãóäøó ßõáøó ãóäú ÞóÈöáó ÔóåóÇÏóÉó ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö æóÞóÊóáóÉö ÚõËúãóÇäó ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúÊóÞöÏõæäó ÝöÓúÞóåõãú¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌó ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóáóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ãõÚúÊóÞöÏöíäó ÝöÓúÞó ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú.
æóãóÚó ÚóÏóãö ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö ÇáúÌóãöíÚö áöÝöÓúÞöåöãú¡ æóÅöäú ÞóÈöáõæÇ ÔóåóÇÏóÊóåõãú ÝóáóÇ íóÊóÍóÞøóÞõ ÇäúÚöÞóÇÏõ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö Úóáóì ÞóÈõæáö ÎóÈóÑö ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö.
æóÚóäö ÇáúÞöíóÇÓö ÈöÇáúÝóÑúÞö Ýöí ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÔúåóÏö ÈöåóÇ.
ÃóãøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÏúáö ÝóáöÙõåõæÑö ÚóÏóÇáóÊöåö æóÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞöåö áöãóäúÕöÈö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö æóÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö¡ æóÐóáößó íõäóÇÓöÈõ ÞóÈõæáóåõ ÅöÚúÙóÇãðÇ áóåõ æóÅöÌúáóÇáðÇ (1) ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö.
æóÃóãøóÇ Ýöí ãóÙúäõæäö ÇáúÝöÓúÞö ÝóáöÃóäøó ÍóÇáóåõ Ýöí ÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞö ãóäúÕöÈö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö æóÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö ÃóÞúÑóÈõ ãöäú ÍóÇáö ãóäú ßóÇäó ÝöÓúÞõåõ ãóÞúØõæÚðÇ Èöåö ÝóáóÇ íóáúÒóãõ ãöäó ÇáúÞóÈõæáö Ëõãøó ÇáúÞóÈõæáö åóÇåõäóÇ.
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(1) æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÚóÏóÇáóÊõåõ ÊõÈúÚöÏõåõ Úóäú ãóæóÇØöäö ÇáÊøõåóãö

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[ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ÇáËøóÇáöËóÉõ ÇáúÌóÑúÍö æóÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáö åóáú íóËúÈõÊõ ÈöÞóæúáö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö]
ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ÇáËøóÇáöËóÉõ
ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÑúÍö æóÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáö: åóáú íóËúÈõÊõ ÈöÞóæúáö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö Ãóæú áóÇ¿
ÝóÐóåóÈó Þóæúãñ Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ ÈõÏøó Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáö æóÇáúÌóÑúÍö ãöäö ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúÚóÏóÏö Ýöí ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö æóÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö.
æóÐóåóÈó ÂÎóÑõæäó Åöáóì ÇáöÇßúÊöÝóÇÁö ÈöÇáúæóÇÍöÏö ÝöíåöãóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑõ ÇáúÞóÇÖöí ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò (1) .
æóÇáøóÐöí Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÃóßúËóÑõ ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ÇáöÇßúÊöÝóÇÁõ ÈöÇáúæóÇÍöÏö Ýöí ÈóÇÈö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö Ïõæäó ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö æóåõæó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ.
æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ äóÕøó æóáóÇ ÅöÌúãóÇÚó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÊóÚúíöíäö ÃóÍóÏö åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÐóÇåöÈö¡ Ýóáóãú íóÈúÞó ÛóíúÑõ ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö æóÇáúÞöíóÇÓö.
æóáóÇ íóÎúÝóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉó ÔóÑúØñ Ýöí ÞóÈõæáö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö æóÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö¡ æóÇáÔøóÑúØõ áóÇ íóÒöíÏõ Ýöí ÅöËúÈóÇÊöåö Úóáóì ãóÔúÑõæØöåö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÅöáúÍóÇÞõ ÇáÔøóÑúØö ÈöÇáúãóÔúÑõæØö Ýöí ØóÑöíÞö ÅöËúÈóÇÊöåö Ãóæúáóì ãöäú ÅöáúÍóÇÞöåö ÈöÛóíúÑöåö.
æóÞóÏö ÇÚúÊõÈöÑó ÇáúÚóÏóÏõ Ýöí ÞóÈõæáö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö Ïõæäó ÞóÈõæáö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÇáúÍõßúãõ Ýöí ÔóÑúØö ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ åõæó ÇáúÍõßúãõ Ýöí ãóÔúÑõæØöåö.
ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó: ÇáÊøóÒúßöíóÉõ æóÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáõ ÔóåóÇÏóÉñ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÇáúÚóÏóÏõ ãõÚúÊóÈóÑðÇ ÝöíåöãóÇ ßóÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÍõÞõæÞö.
ÞõáúäóÇ áóíúÓó Ðóáößó Ãóæúáóì ãöäú Þóæúáö ÇáúÞóÇÆöáö ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ ÅöÎúÈóÇÑñ¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÚúÊóÈóÑõ ÇáúÚóÏóÏõ Ýöí ÞóÈõæáöåóÇ ßóäóÝúÓö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö.
ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó: ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÐóßóÑúäóÇåõ Ãóæúáóì áöãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäú ÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáöÇÍúÊöíóÇØö.
ÞõáúäóÇ: Èóáú ãóÇ íóÞõæáõåõ ÇáúÎóÕúãõ Ãóæúáóì ÍóÐóÑðÇ ãöäú ÊóÖúíöíÚö ÃóæóÇãöÑö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóäóæóÇåöíåö.
ßóíúÝó æóÃóäøó ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑóåõ Þóæúáó ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö Ýöí ÇáúÌóÑúÍö æóÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáö ÃóÕúáñ ãõÊøóÝóÞñ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑó Öóãøö Þóæúáö ÛóíúÑöåö Åöáóíúåö íóÓúÊóÏúÚöí ÏóáöíáðÇ¡ æóÇáúÃóÕúáõ ÚóÏóãõåõ¡ æóáóÇ íóÎúÝóì Ãóäøó ãóÇ íóáúÒóãõ ãöäúåõ ÇáäøóÝúíõ ÇáúÃóÕúáöíøõ Ãóæúáóì ãöãøóÇ íóáúÒóãõ ãöäúåõ ãõÎóÇáóÝóÊõåõ (2) .
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(1) åõæó ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÇáØøóíøöÈö ÇáúÈóÇÞöáøóÇäöíøõ
(2) ÇäúÙõÑö ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉó ÇáúÎóÇãöÓóÉó æóÇáúÚöÔúÑöíäó ãöäú ãóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö Ýöí ÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÃóÞóáøö ãóÇ Þöíáó åóáú ÊóãóÓøóßó ÞóÇÆöáõåõ ÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö Ãóæö ÇÓúÊóäóÏó Åöáóì ÇáúÈóÑóÇÁóÉö ÇáúÃóÕúáöíøóÉö æóÇÓúÊöÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÍóÇáö

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ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚóÉõ
ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÞóÈõæáö ÇáúÌóÑúÍö æóÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáö Ïõæäó ÐößúÑö ÓóÈóÈöåöãóÇ ÝóÞóÇáó Þóæúãñ: áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú ÐößúÑö ÇáÓøóÈóÈö ÝöíåöãóÇ¡ ÃóãøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÑúÍö ÝóáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÝöíãóÇ íõÌúÑóÍõ Èöåö¡ ÝóáóÚóáøóåõ ÇÚúÊóÞóÏóåõ ÌóÇÑöÍðÇ æóÛóíúÑõåõ áóÇ íóÑóÇåõ ÌóÇÑöÍðÇ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö ÝóáöÃóäøó ãõØúáóÞó ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáö áóÇ íóßõæäõ ãõÍóÕøöáðÇ áöáËøöÞóÉö ÈöÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö áöÌóÑúíö ÇáúÚóÇÏóÉö ÈöÊóÓóÇÑõÚö ÇáäøóÇÓö Åöáóì Ðóáößó ÈöäóÇÁð Úóáóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö.
æóÞóÇáó Þóæúãñ: áóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉó Åöáóì Ðóáößó ÝöíåöãóÇ ÇßúÊöÝóÇÁð ÈöÈóÕöíÑóÉö ÇáúãõÒóßøöí æóÇáúÌóÇÑöÍö¡ æóåõæó ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑõ ÇáúÞóÇÖöí ÃóÈóì ÈóßúÑò.
æóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ (ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ) " áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú ÐößúÑö ÓóÈóÈö ÇáúÌóÑúÍö¡ áöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÝöíãóÇ íõÌúÑóÍõ Èöåö¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö ÝóÅöäøó ÓóÈóÈóåóÇ æóÇÍöÏñ áóÇ ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝó Ýöíåö ".
æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÚóßóÓó ÇáúÍóÇáó æóÇÚúÊóÈóÑó ÐößúÑó ÓóÈóÈö ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö Ïõæäó ÇáúÌóÑúÍö¡ æóÇáúãõÎúÊóÇÑõ ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ãóÐúåóÈõ ÇáúÞóÇÖöí ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøóåõ ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÒóßøöí æóÇáúÌóÇÑöÍõ ÚóÏúáðÇ ÈóÕöíÑðÇ ÈöãóÇ íóÌúÑóÍõ Èöåö æóíóÚúÏöáõ¡ Ãóæú áóÇ íóßõæäó ßóÐóáößó¡ ÝóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ÚóÏúáðÇ¡ Ãóæú ßóÇäó ÚóÏúáðÇ æóáóíúÓó ÈóÕöíÑðÇ¡ ÝóáóÇ ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑó ÈöÞóæúáöåö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÚóÏúáðÇ ÈóÕöíÑðÇ æóÌóÈó ÇáöÇßúÊöÝóÇÁõ ÈöãõØúáóÞö ÌóÑúÍöåö æóÊóÚúÏöíáöåö¡ ÅöÐö ÇáúÛóÇáöÈõ ãóÚó ßóæúäöåö ÚóÏúáðÇ ÈóÕöíÑðÇ Ãóäøóåõ ãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó ÈöÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö æóÇáúÌóÑúÍö ÅöáøóÇ æóåõæó ÕóÇÏöÞñ Ýöí ãóÞóÇáöåö¡ ÝóáóÇ ãóÚúäóì áöÇÔúÊöÑóÇØö ÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÇáÓøóÈóÈö ãóÚó Ðóáößó.
æóÇáúÞóæúáõ ÈöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÞóÏö ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ ÝöíãóÇ íõÌúÑóÍõ Èöåö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÍóÞøðÇ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáÙøóÇåöÑó ãöäú ÍóÇáö ÇáúÚóÏúáö ÇáúÈóÕöíÑö ÈöÌöåóÇÊö ÇáúÌóÑúÍö æóÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáö Ãóäøóåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ íóßõæäõ ÚóÇÑöÝðÇ ÈöãóæóÇÞöÚö ÇáúÎöáóÇÝö Ýöí Ðóáößó.
æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íõØúáóÞõ ÇáúÌóÑúÍõ ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ÕõæÑóÉò Úõáöãó ÇáúæöÝóÇÞõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ (1) æóÅöáøóÇ ßóÇäó ãõÏóáøöÓðÇ ãõáóÈøöÓðÇ ÈöãóÇ íõæåöãõ ÇáúÌóÑúÍõ Úóáóì ãóäú áóÇ íóÚúÊóÞöÏõåõ¡ æóåõæó ÎöáóÇÝõ ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö æóÇáÏøöíäö¡ æóÈöãöËúáö åóÐóÇ íóÙúåóÑõ Ãóäøóåõ ãóÇ ÃóØúáóÞó ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáó ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÎöÈúÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÇØöäóÉö æóÇáúÅöÍóÇØóÉö ÈöÓóÑöíÑóÉö ÇáúãõÎúÈöÑö Úóäúåõ¡ æóãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÇÔúÊöãóÇáöåö Úóáóì ÓóÈóÈö ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö Ïõæäó ÇáúÈöäóÇÁö Úóáóì ÙóÇåöÑö ÇáúÍóÇáö.
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(1) åóÐóÇ ÎöáóÇÝõ ÇáúæóÇÞöÚö ÝóÞóÏú æõÌöÏó ãóäú ÃóØúáóÞó ÇáúÌóÑúÍó ßóÔõÚúÈóÉó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÇÓúÊõÝúÓöÑó ÝóÓøóÑóåõ ÈöãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÑúÍö Èöåö ÎöáóÇÝñ¡ ÇäúÙõÑú ßóáóÇãó ÔõÑøóÇÍö ÃóáúÝöíøóÉö ÇáúÚöÑóÇÞöíøö áöáúÃóÈúíóÇÊö ÇáúÂÊöíóÉö:
æóáóãú íóÑóæúÇ ÞóÈõæáó ÌóÑúÍò ÃóÈúåóãóÇ - áöáúÎõáúÝö Ýöí ÃóÓúÈóÇÈöåö æóÑõÈøóãóÇ ÇÓúÊõÝúÓöÑó ÇáúÌóÑúÍõ Ýóáóãú íóÞúÏóÍú ßóãóÇ - ÝóÓøóÑóåõ ÔõÚúÈóÉõ ÈöÇáÑøóßúÖö ÝóãóÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí Úóáóíúåö ÍõÝøóÇÙõ ÇáúÃóËóÑö - ßóÔóíúÎöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö ãóÚó Ãóåúáö ÇáäøóÙóÑö ÇåÜ. æóáóíúÓó Ðóáößó ÊóÏúáöíÓðǺ áöÃóäøóåõ ÌóÑóÍó ÇáÑøóÇæöíó ÈöãóÇ åõæó ÌóÑúÍñ Ýöí äóÙóÑöåö

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ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ÇáúÎóÇãöÓóÉõ
ÅöÐóÇ ÊóÚóÇÑóÖó ÇáúÌóÑúÍõ æóÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáõ ÝóáóÇ íóÎúáõæ ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÌóÇÑöÍõ ÞóÏú Úóíøóäó ÇáÓøóÈóÈó¡ Ãóæú áóãú íõÚóíøöäúåõ: ÝóÅöäú áóãú íõÚóíøöäúåõ ÝóÞóæúáõ ÇáúÌóÇÑöÍö íóßõæäõ ãõÞóÏøóãðÇ áöÇØøöáóÇÚöåö Úóáóì ãóÇ áóãú íóÚúÑöÝúåõ ÇáúãõÚóÏøöáõ¡ æóáóÇ äóÝóÇåõ áöÇãúÊöäóÇÚö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö Úóáóì ÇáäøóÝúíö.
æóÅöäú Úóíøóäó ÇáÓøóÈóÈó ÈöÃóäú íóÞõæáó ÊóÞúÏöíÑðÇ: ÑóÃóíúÊõåõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÊóáó ÝõáóÇäðÇ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÎúáõæ ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú áóÇ íóÊóÚóÑøóÖó ÇáúãõÚóÏøöáõ áöäóÝúíö Ðóáößó¡ Ãóæú íóÊóÚóÑøóÖó áöäóÝúíöåö.
ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÃóæøóáó¡ ÝóÞóæúáõ ÇáúÌóÇÑöÍö íóßõæäõ ãõÞóÏøóãðÇ áöãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó¡ æóÅöäú ÊóÚóÑøóÖó áöäóÝúíöåö ÈöÃóäú ÞóÇáó: ÑóÃóíúÊõ ÝõáóÇäðÇ ÇáúãõÏøóÚóì ÞóÊóáóåõ ÍóíøðÇ ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó¡ ÝóåóÇåõäóÇ íóÊóÚóÇÑóÖóÇäö¡ æóíóÕöÍøõ ÊóÑúÌöíÍõ ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÂÎóÑö ÈößóËúÑóÉö ÇáúÚóÏóÏö¡ æóÔöÏøóÉö ÇáúæóÑóÚö æóÇáÊøóÍóÝøõÙö¡ æóÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÈóÕöíÑóÉö Åöáóì ÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó ãöãøóÇ ÊõÑóÌøóÍõ Èöåö ÅöÍúÏóì ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÊóíúäö Úóáóì ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì ßóãóÇ ÓóíóÃúÊöí ÊóÍúÞöíÞõåõ (1) .
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(1) Ãóíú Ýöí ÞóÇÚöÏóÉö ÇáÊøóÑúÌöíÍö

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ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ÇáÓøóÇÏöÓóÉõ
Ýöí ØõÑõÞö ÇáúÌóÑúÍö æóÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáö
ÃóãøóÇ ØõÑõÞõ ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáö ÝóãõÊóÝóÇæöÊóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÞõæøóÉö æóÇáÖøóÚúÝö¡ æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÎúáõæ ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íõÕóÑøöÍó ÇáúãõÒóßøöí ÈöÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáö ÞóæúáðÇ¡ Ãóæú áóÇ íõÕóÑøöÍõ Èöåö.
ÝóÅöäú ÕóÑøóÍó Èöåö ÈöÃóäú íóÞõæáó: " åõæó ÚóÏúáñ " ÑöÖðÇ¡ ÝóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóÐúßõÑó ãóÚó Ðóáößó ÇáÓøóÈóÈó ÈöÃóäú íóÞõæáó (áöÃóäøöí ÚóÑóÝúÊõ ãöäúåõ ßóÐóÇ æóßóÐóÇ) Ãóæú áóÇ íóÐúßõÑõ ÇáÓøóÈóÈó.
ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÃóæøóáó¡ Ýóåõæó ÊóÚúÏöíáñ ãõÊøóÝóÞñ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáËøóÇäöíó ÝóãõÎúÊóáóÝñ Ýöíåö¡ æóÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ ãöäúåõ ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãóÉö¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÇáØøóÑöíÞõ ãóÑúÌõæÍñ ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúÃóæøóáö áöáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö Ýöíåö æóáöäõÞúÕóÇäö ÇáúÈóíóÇäö Ýöíåö ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúÃóæøóáö (1) .
æóÃóãøóÇ Åöäú áóãú íõÕóÑøöÍú ÈöÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáö ÞóæúáðÇ¡ áóßöäú Íóßóãó ÈöÔóåóÇÏóÊöåö¡ Ãóæú Úóãöáó ÈöÑöæóÇíóÊöåö¡ Ãóæú Ñóæóì Úóäúåõ ÎóÈóÑðÇ.
ÝóÅöäú Íóßóãó ÈöÔóåóÇÏóÊöåö Ýóåõæó ÃóíúÖðÇ ÊóÚúÏöíáñ ãõÊøóÝóÞñ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ ÝóÇÓöÞðÇ ÈöÔóåóÇÏóÉö ãóäú áóíúÓó ÈöÚóÏúáò ÚöäúÏóåõ¡ æóåóÐöåö ÇáØøóÑöíÞõ ÃóÚúáóì ãöäó ÇáÊøóÒúßöíóÉö ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÐößúÑö ÓóÈóÈò áöÊóÝóÇæõÊöåöãóÇ Ýöí ÇáöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö æóÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö¡ Çááøóåõãøó ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ ãöãøóäú íóÑóì ÇáúÍõßúãó ÈöÔóåóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÇáÊøóÒúßöíóÉö ãóÚó ÐößúÑö ÇáÓøóÈóÈö¡ ÝóÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ ÇáÊøóÚóÇÏõáõ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ áöÇÓúÊöæóÇÆöåöãóÇ Ýöí ÇáöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ.
æóÇáúÃóæøóáõ æóÅöäö ÇÎúÊóÕøó ÈöÐößúÑö ÇáÓøóÈóÈö¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ãõÎúÊóÕøñ ÈöÅöáúÒóÇãö ÇáúÛóíúÑö ÈöÞóÈõæáö ÇáÔøóÇåöÏö¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúÃóæøóáö.
æóÃóãøóÇ Åöäú Úóãöáó ÈöÑöæóÇíóÊöåö Úóáóì æóÌúåò Úõáöãó Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ ãõÓúÊóäóÏó áóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóãóáö ÓöæóÇåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ íóßõæäõ Ðóáößó ãöäú ÈóÇÈö ÇáöÇÍúÊöíóÇØö Ýóåõæó ÃóíúÖðÇ ÊóÚúÏöíáñ ãõÊøóÝóÞñ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ßóÇäó Úóãóáõåõ ÈöÑöæóÇíóÉö ãóäú áóíúÓó ÈöÚóÏúáò ÝöÓúÞðÇ.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáØøóÑöíÞõ¡ æóÅöäö ÇÍúÊóãóáó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÚóãóáõ Ýöíåö ãõÓúÊóäöÏðÇ Åöáóì ÙõåõæÑö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÇáÓøóáóÇãóÉö ãöäó ÇáúÝöÓúÞö ÙóÇåöÑðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáö ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÐößúÑö
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(1) åóÐóÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÃóËúäóì Úóáóì ãóäú ÒóÇáóÊú Úóäúåõ ÌóåóÇáóÉõ ÇáúÚóíúäö¡ ÃóãøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÃóËúäóì Úóáóì ãõÈúåóãò¡ ßóÃóäú íóÞõæáõ ÍóÏøóËóäöí ÇáËøöÞóÉõ¡ ÝóÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ Ãóäøóåõ íõÊóæóÞøóÝõ Ýöí ÇáúÍõßúãö ÈöÚóÏóÇáóÊöåö ÍóÊøóì ÊóÒõæáó Úóäúåõ ÌóåóÇáóÉõ ÇáúÚóíúäö¡ æóíõäúÙóÑõ Ýöí ÍóÇáöåö ÝóÞóÏú íóÚúáóãõ Ýöíåö ÌóÑúÍðÇ ÛóíúÑõ ãóäú ÚóÏøóáóåõ

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ÇáÓøóÈóÈö¡ Ýóåõæó ÑóÇÌöÍñ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáö ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÐößúÑö ÇáÓøóÈóÈö¡ áöáöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö Úóáóíúåö æóÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö Ýöí Ðóáößó¡ æóãóÑúÌõæÍñ ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÇáÊøóÒúßöíóÉö ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö ãóÚó ÐößúÑö ÇáÓøóÈóÈö¡ æóÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúÍõßúãö ÈöÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö áöÃóäøó ÈóÇÈó ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö ÃóÚúáóì ãöäú ÈóÇÈö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö.
æóáöÐóáößó ÇÔúÊõÑöØó Ýöíåö ãóÇ áóãú íõÔúÊóÑóØú Ýöí ÈóÇÈö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö ßóãóÇ ÓóíóÃúÊöí ÊóÚúÑöíÝõåõ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÇáöÇÍúÊöíóÇØõ æóÇáöÇÍúÊöÑóÇÒõ ÝöíåóÇ ÃóÊóãøó æóÃóæúÝóì.
æóÃóãøóÇ Åöäú Ñóæóì Úóäúåõ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ãöãøóÇ ÇÎúÊõáöÝó Ýöíåö åóáú åõæó ÊóÚúÏöíáñ Ãóæú áóÇ.
æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÝóÕøóáó æóÞóÇáó: Åöäú ÚõÑöÝó ãöäú Þóæúáö ÇáúãõÒóßøöí Ãóæú ÚóÇÏóÊöåö Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÑúæöí ÅöáøóÇ Úóäö ÇáúÚóÏúáö¡ Ýóåõæó ÊóÚúÏöíáñ¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóáóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãõÎúÊóÇÑõ.
æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó ÇáúÚóÇÏóÉó ÌóÇÑöíóÉñ ÈöÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö Úóãøóäú áóæú ÓõÆöáó Úóäú ÚóÏóÇáóÊöåö áóÊõæõÞøöÝó ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ íóáúÒóãõ ãöäú ÑöæóÇíóÊöåö Úóäúåõ ãóÚó ÚóÏóãö ãóÚúÑöÝóÊöåö ÈöÚóÏóÇáóÊöåö¡ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõáóÈøöÓðÇ ãõÏóáøöÓðÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö ßóãóÇ Þöíáóº áöÃóäøóåõ ÅöäøóãóÇ íóßõæäõ ßóÐóáößó Ãóäú áóæú ÃóæúÌóÈóÊú ÑöæóÇíóÊõåõ Úóäúåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÛóíúÑö ÇáúÚóãóáó ÈöåóÇ¡ æóáóíúÓó ßóÐóáößó.
Èóáú ÛóÇíóÊõåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: (ÓóãöÚúÊõåõ íóÞõæáõ ßóÐóÇ) ÝóÚóáóì ÇáÓøóÇãöÚö ÈöÇáúßóÔúÝö Úóäú ÍóÇáö ÇáúãóÑúæöíøö Úóäúåõ Åöäú ÑóÇãó ÇáúÚóãóáó ÈöãõÞúÊóÖóì ÑöæóÇíóÊöåö¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ßóÇäó ãõÞóÕøöÑðÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáØøóÑöíÞõ íõÔúÈöåõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÑúÌõæÍðÇ ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÈóÇÞöí ÇáØøõÑõÞö.
ÃóãøóÇ ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÇáÊøóÕúÑöíÍö ÈöÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáö ÝóÙóÇåöÑñ¡ æóáóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ Åöäö ÇÞúÊóÑóäó ÈöÐößúÑö ÇáÓøóÈóÈö áöáöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö æóÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáØøóÑöíÞö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ íóßõæäõ ãóÑúÌõæÍðÇ ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúÍõßúãö ÈöÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö áöáöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö Úóáóíúåö æóáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö ÈöãóÇ ÐóßóÑúäóÇåõ ÞóÈúáõ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúÚóãóáö ÈöÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö¡ ÝóáöÇÔúÊöÑóÇßöåöãóÇ Ýöí ÃóÕúáö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö æóÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ ÈöÇáúÚóãóáö ÈöåóÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ØõÑõÞõ ÇáúÌóÑúÍö¡ Ãóäú íõÕóÑøöÍó Èößóæúäöåö ãóÌúÑõæÍðÇ¡ æóíóÐúßõÑó ãóÚó Ðóáößó ÓóÈóÈó ÇáúÌóÑúÍö¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóÐúßõÑú ãóÚóåõ ÓóÈóÈó ÇáúÌóÑúÍö¡ Ýóåõæó ÌóÑúÍñ ßóãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãóÉö¡ áóßöäøóåõ Ïõæäó ÇáúÃóæøóáö¡ áöáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö Ýöíåö¡ æóáöáöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö Úóáóì ÇáúÃóæøóáö¡ æóáóíúÓó ãöäó ÇáúÌóÑúÍö ÊóÑúßõ ÇáúÚóãóáö ÈöÑöæóÇíóÊöåö æóÇáúÍõßúãõ ÈöÔóåóÇÏóÊöåö¡ áöÌóæóÇÒö Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ðóáößó ÈöÓóÈóÈò ÛóíúÑö ÇáúÌóÑúÍö.
æóÐóáößó ÅöãøóÇ áöãõÚóÇÑöÖò¡ æóÅöãøóÇ áöÃóäøóåõ ÛóíúÑõ ÖóÇÈöØò Ãóæú áöÛóáóÈóÉö ÇáäøöÓúíóÇäö æóÇáúÛóÝúáóÉö Úóáóíúåö æóäóÍúæöåö¡ æóáóÇ ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉõ ÈöÇáÒøöäóÇ¡ æóßõáøõ ãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÇáúÍóÏøó Úóáóì ÇáúãóÔúåõæÏö Úóáóíúåö ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íõßúãöáú äöÕóÇÈó ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö ; áöÃóäøóåõ

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áóãú íóÃúÊö ÈöÕóÑöíÍö ÇáúÞóÐúÝö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Ðóáößó ãóÌöíÁó ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö¡ æóáóÇ ÈöãóÇ íóÓõæÛõ Ýöíåö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó Èöåö ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó¡ ßóÇááøóÚöÈö ÈöÇáÔøóØúÑóäúÌö æóÔõÑúÈö ÇáäøóÈöíÐö æóäóÍúæöåö¡ æóáóÇ ÈöÇáÊøóÏúáöíÓö¡ æóÐóáößó ßóÞóæúáö ãóäú áóãú íõÚóÇÕöÑö ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøó ãóËóáðÇ¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ Ñóæóì Úóãøóäú áóÞöíóåõ ÞóæúáðÇ íõæåöãõ Ãóäøóåõ áóÞöíóåõ (1) æóßóÞóæúáöåö: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÝõáóÇäñ æóÑóÇÁó ÇáäøóåúÑö¡ ãõæåöãðÇ Ãóäøóåõ íõÑöíÏõ ÌóíúÍóÇäó¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íõÔöíÑõ Èöåö Åöáóì äóåúÑö ÚöíÓóì ãóËóáðÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÈößóÐöÈò¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ãöäó ÇáúãóÚóÇÑöíÖö ÇáúãõÛúäöíóÉö Úóäö ÇáúßóÐöÈö.

[ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÚóÉõ ÚóÏóÇáóÉö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö]
ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÚóÉõ
ÇÊøóÝóÞó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö Úóáóì ÚóÏóÇáóÉö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö (2) .
æóÞóÇáó Þóæúãñ Åöäøó Íõßúãóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö Íõßúãõ ãóäú ÈóÚúÏóåõãú Ýöí áõÒõæãö ÇáúÈóÍúËö Úóäú ÚóÏóÇáóÊöåöãú ÚöäúÏó ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö.
æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÞóÇáó Åöäøóåõãú áóãú íóÒóÇáõæÇ ÚõÏõæáðÇ Åöáóì Íöíäö ãóÇ æóÞóÚó ãöäó ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö æóÇáúÝöÊóäö ÝöíãóÇ Èóíúäóåõãú¡ æóÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó¡ ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäó ÇáúÈóÍúËö Ýöí ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö Úóäö ÇáÑøóÇæöí Ãóæö ÇáÔøóÇåöÏö ãöäúåõãú¡ ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÙóÇåöÑó ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö.
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(1) ÊóÏúáöíÓõ ÇáúÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÚöäúÏó ÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö Ãóäú íóÑúæöíó ÇáúãõÍóÏøöËõ Úóãøóäú áóÞöíóåõ ãóÇ áóãú íóÓúãóÚúåõ ãöäúåõ¡ ãõæåöãðÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÓóãöÚóåõ ãöäúåõ ÈöÕöíÛóÉò áóíúÓóÊú ÕóÑöíÍóÉð Ýöí ÇáöÇÊøöÕóÇáö¡ ßóÑöæóÇíóÉö ãóäú áóÞöíó ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøó ÍóÏöíËðÇ Úóäúåõ áóãú íóÓúãóÚúåõ ãöäúåõ ÈöÕöíÛóÉö Úóäú¡ æóÞóÇáó áöíõæåöãó Ãóäøóåõ ÓóãöÚóåõ ãöäúåõ¡ ÝóÅöäú ÝóÚóáó Ðóáößó æóßóÇäó ÚóÇÕóÑóåõ¡ æóáóãú íóáúÞóåõ ÝóãõÑúÓóáñ ÎóÝöíøñ¡ æóãóäö ÇßúÊóÝóì ÈöÇÔúÊöÑóÇØö ÇáúãõÚóÇÕóÑóÉö Ýöí ÇáÊøóÏúáöíÓö ÌóÚóáó ÇáúãõÑúÓóáó ÇáúÎóÝöíøó äóæúÚðÇ ãöäúåõ¡ æóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ÇáúÝóÑúÞõ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ¡ æóÈöÐóáößó íõÚúÑóÝõ ãóÇ Ýöí ßóáóÇãö ÇáúÂãöÏöíøö ãöäó ÇáúãõÎóÇáóÝóÉö áöãóÇ ÇÕúØóáóÍó Úóáóíúåö ÚõáóãóÇÁõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö.
(2) ÇäúÙõÑú ãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò ÇáúÚóÓúÞóáóÇäöíøõ Ýöí ÊóÚúÑöíÝö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈöíøö æóØõÑõÞö ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÕõÍúÈóÊöåö æóãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÍóÇáöåö Ýöí ÇáúÝõÕõæáö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÚóáóåóÇ Ýöí ãóØúáóÚö ÇáúÌõÒúÁö ÇáúÃóæøóáö ãöäú ßöÊóÇÈö ÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉö Ýöí ÊóãúíöíÒö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö.

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æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÞóÇáó ÈöÃóäøó ßõáøó ãóäú ÞóÇÊóáó ÚóáöíøðÇ ÚóÇáöãðÇ ãöäúåõãú¡ Ýóåõæó ÝóÇÓöÞñ ãóÑúÏõæÏõ ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö æóÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö¡ áöÎõÑõæÌöåöãú Úóäö ÇáúÅöãóÇãö ÇáúÍóÞøö.
æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÞóÇáó ÈöÑóÏøö ÑöæóÇíóÉö Çáúßõáøö æóÔóåóÇÏóÊöåöãú ; áöÃóäøó ÃóÍóÏó ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö ÝóÇÓöÞñ¡ æóåõæó ÛóíúÑõ ãóÚúáõæãò æóáóÇ ãõÚóíøóäò.
æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÞóÇáó ÈöÞóÈõæáö ÑöæóÇíóÉö ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãú æóÔóåóÇÏóÊöåö ÅöÐóÇ ÇäúÝóÑóÏó ; áöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóÕúáó Ýöíåö ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÔóßóßúäóÇ Ýöí ÝöÓúÞöåö¡ æóáóÇ íõÞúÈóáõ Ðóáößó ãöäúåõ ãóÚó ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉö ÛóíúÑöåö áöÊóÍóÞøõÞö ÝöÓúÞö ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÊóÚúíöíäò.
æóÇáúãõÎúÊóÇÑõ ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ãóÐúåóÈõ ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑö ãöäó ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö¡ æóÐóáößó ÈöãóÇ ÊóÍóÞøóÞó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÏöáøóÉö ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉö Úóáóì ÚóÏóÇáóÊöåöãú æóäóÒóÇåóÊöåöãú æóÊóÎúíöíÑöåöãú Úóáóì ãóäú ÈóÚúÏóåõãú.
Ýóãöäú Ðóáößó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóßóÐóáößó ÌóÚóáúäóÇßõãú ÃõãøóÉð æóÓóØðÇ} Ãóíú ÚõÏõæáðÇ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ßõäúÊõãú ÎóíúÑó ÃõãøóÉò ÃõÎúÑöÌóÊú áöáäøóÇÓö} æóåõæó ÎöØóÇÈñ ãóÚó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÇáúãóæúÌõæÏöíäó Ýöí Òóãóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -.
æóãöäúåóÇ Þóæúáõåõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöí ßóÇáäøõÌõæãö ÈöÃóíøöåöãõ ÇÞúÊóÏóíúÊõãõ ÇåúÊóÏóíúÊõãú» " (1) æóÇáöÇåúÊöÏóÇÁõ ÈöÛóíúÑö ÚóÏúáò ãõÍóÇáñ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÇÎúÊóÇÑó áöí ÃóÕúÍóÇÈðÇ æóÃóÕúåóÇÑðÇ æóÃóäúÕóÇÑðÇ» " (2) æóÇÎúÊöíóÇÑõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áóÇ íóßõæäõ áöãóäú áóíúÓó ÈöÚóÏúáò.
æóãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ ÙóåóÑó æóÇÔúÊõåöÑó ÈöÇáäøóÞúáö ÇáúãõÊóæóÇÊöÑö ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ ãöÑóÇÁó Ýöíåö ãöäú ãõäóÇÕóÑóÊöåöãú áöáÑøóÓõæáö æóÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÇáúÌöåóÇÏö Èóíúäó íóÏóíúåö¡ æóÇáúãõÍóÇÝóÙóÉö Úóáóì ÃõãõæÑö ÇáÏøöíäö¡ æóÅöÞóÇãóÉö ÇáúÞóæóÇäöíäö¡ æóÇáÊøóÔóÏøõÏö Ýöí ÇãúÊöËóÇáö ÃóæóÇãöÑö ÇáÔøóÑúÚö æóäóæóÇåöíåö¡ æóÇáúÞöíóÇãö ÈöÍõÏõæÏöåö æóãóÑóÇÓöíãöåö¡ ÍóÊøóì Åöäøóåõãú ÞóÊóáõæÇ ÇáúÃóåúáó æóÇáúÃóæúáóÇÏó ÍóÊøóì ÞóÇãó ÇáÏøöíäõ æóÇÓúÊóÞóÇãó¡ æóáóÇ ÃóÏóáøó Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉö ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäú Ðóáößó.
æóÚöäúÏó Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÇáúæóÇÌöÈõ Ãóäú íõÍúãóáó ßõáøõ ãóÇ ÌóÑóì Èóíúäóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÝöÊóäö Úóáóì ÃóÍúÓóäö ÍóÇáò¡ æóÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó áöãóÇ ÃóÏøóì Åöáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ ßõáøö ÝóÑöíÞò ãöäö ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏöåö Ãóäøó ÇáúæóÇÌöÈó ãóÇ ÕóÇÑó Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÃóæúÝóÞõ áöáÏøöíäö æóÃóÕúáóÍõ áöáúãõÓúáöãöíäó.
æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ ÝóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ßõáøõ ãõÌúÊóåöÏò ãõÕöíÈðÇ Ãóæú Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÕöíÈó æóÇÍöÏñ æóÇáúÂÎóÑõ ãõÎúØöÆñ Ýöí ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö.
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(1) ÇäúÙõÑú ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó ÊóÚúáöíÞðÇ Õ 232 Ì1.
(2) ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÇáúÝóÖúáö ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ØóÇåöÑò ÇáúãóÞúÏöÓöíøõ Ýöí ÊóÐúßöÑóÉö ÇáúãóæúÖõæÚóÇÊö: ÍóÏöíËõ (Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÇÊøóÎóÐó áöí ÃóÕúÍóÇÈðÇ æóÃóäúÕóÇÑðÇ) Ýöíåö ÇÈúäõ ÚõÈóíúÏò¡ æóÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍöÈøóÇäó: æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÈóÇØöáñ áóÇ ÃóÕúáó áóåõ

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æóÚóáóì ßöáóÇ ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑóíúäö¡ ÝóÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉõ æóÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉõ ãöäó ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö áóÇ Êóßõæäõ ãóÑúÏõæÏóÉð ÃóãøóÇ ÈöÊóÞúÏöíÑö ÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉö ÝóÙóÇåöÑñ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÈöÊóÞúÏöíÑö ÇáúÎóØóÃö ãóÚó ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ÝóÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö.
æóÅöÐú ÃóÊóíúäóÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÃóÑóÏúäóÇåõ ãöäú ÈóíóÇäö ÚóÏóÇáóÉö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäó ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Åöáóì ÈóíóÇäö ãóäú íóÞóÚõ Úóáóíúåö ÇÓúãõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈöíøö.

[ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ÇáËøóÇãöäóÉõ ÇáÎáÇÝ Ýöí ãõÓóãøóì ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈöíøö]
ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ÇáËøóÇãöäóÉõ
ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ãõÓóãøóì ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈöíøö: ÝóÐóåóÈó ÃóßúËóÑõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöäóÇ æóÃóÍúãóÏõ Èúäõ ÍóäúÈóáò Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈöíøó ãóäú ÑóÃóì ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóÎúÊóÕøó Èöåö ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕó ÇáúãóÕúÍõæÈö¡ æóáóÇ Ñóæóì Úóäúåõ¡ æóáóÇ ØóÇáóÊú ãõÏøóÉõ ÕõÍúÈóÊöåö.
æóÐóåóÈó ÂÎóÑõæäó Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈöíøó ÅöäøóãóÇ íõØúáóÞõ Úóáóì ãóäú ÑóÃóì ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÇÎúÊóÕøó Èöåö ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕó ÇáúãóÕúÍõæÈö¡ æóØóÇáóÊú ãõÏøóÉõ ÕõÍúÈóÊöåö¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóÑúæö Úóäúåõ.
æóÐóåóÈó ÚóãúÑõæ Èúäõ íóÍúíóì Åöáóì Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúãó ÅöäøóãóÇ íõÓóãøóì Èöåö ãóäú ØóÇáóÊú ÕõÍúÈóÊõåõ áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÃóÎóÐó Úóäúåõ ÇáúÚöáúãó.
æóÇáúÎöáóÇÝõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÂíöáðÇ Åöáóì ÇáäøöÒóÇÚö Ýöí ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞö ÇááøóÝúÙöíøö¡ ÝóÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ÇáúÃóæøóáõ¡ æóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó ËóáóÇËóÉõ ÃõãõæÑò.
ÇáúÃóæøóáõ: Ãóäøó ÇáÕøóÇÍöÈó ÇÓúãñ ãõÔúÊóÞøñ ãöäó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö¡ æóÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉõ ÊóÚõãøõ ÇáúÞóáöíáó æóÇáúßóËöíÑó¡ æóãöäúåõ íõÞóÇáõ ÕóÍöÈúÊõåõ ÓóÇÚóÉð¡ æóÕóÍöÈúÊõåõ íóæúãðÇ æóÔóåúÑðÇ¡ æóÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: ÝõáóÇäñ ßóáøóãóäöí æóÍóÏøóËóäöí æóÒóÇÑóäöí¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó áóãú íõßóáøöãúåõ æóáóãú íõÍóÏøöËúåõ æóáóãú íóÒõÑúåõ Óöæóì ãóÑøóÉò æóÇÍöÏóÉò.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøóåõ áóæú ÍóáóÝó Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÕúÍóÈõ ÝõáóÇäðÇ Ýöí ÇáÓøóÝóÑö¡ Ãóæú áóíóÕúÍóÈóäøóåõ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóÈóÑøõ æóíóÍúäóËõ ÈöÕõÍúÈóÊöåö ÓóÇÚóÉð.
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäøóåõ áóæú ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: ÕóÍöÈúÊõ ÝõáóÇäðÇ¡ ÝóíóÕöÍøõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÕóÍöÈúÊõåõ ÓóÇÚóÉð Ãóæú íóæúãðÇ Ãóæú ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ æóåóáú ÃóÎóÐúÊó Úóäúåõ ÇáúÚöáúãó æóÑóæóíúÊó Úóäúåõ¡ Ãóæú áóÇ¡ æóáóæúáóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉó ÔóÇãöáóÉñ áöÌóãöíÚö åóÐöåö ÇáÕøõæóÑö¡ æóáóãú Êóßõäú ãõÎúÊóÕøóÉð ÈöÍóÇáóÉò ãöäúåóÇ¡ áóãóÇ ÇÍúÊöíÌó Åöáóì ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö (1) .
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(1) ÞóÏú íõÞóÇáõ áóæú ßóÇäóÊö ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉõ ÔóÇãöáóÉð áöÌóãöíÚö åóÐöåö ÇáÕøõæóÑö áóãóÇ ÇÍúÊöíÌó ÃóíúÖðÇ Åöáóì ÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãò

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ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó: Åöäøó ÇáÕøóÇÍöÈó Ýöí ÇáúÚõÑúÝö ÅöäøóãóÇ íõØúáóÞõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõßóÇËöÑö ÇáúãõáóÇÒöãö¡ æóãöäúåõ íõÞóÇáõ: ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö¡ æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáúßóåúÝö æóÇáÑøóÞöíãö æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáö¡ æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ áöáúãõáóÇÒöãöíäó áöÐóáößó¡ æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö áöáúãõáóÇÒöãöíäó áöÏöÑóÇÓóÊöåö æóãõáóÇÒóãóÊöåö Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåöãú.
æóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó Ãóäøóåõ íóÕöÍøõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÝõáóÇäñ áóãú íóÕúÍóÈú ÝõáóÇäðÇ¡ áóßöäøóåõ æóÝóÏó Úóáóíúåö Ãóæú ÑóÂåõ Ãóæú ÚóÇãóáóåõ¡ æóÇáúÃóÕúáõ Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúíö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÍúãõæáðÇ Úóáóì ÍóÞöíÞóÊöåö¡ Èóáú áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãóÚó Øõæáö ÇáúãõÏøóÉö ãöäú ÃóÎúÐö ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö Úóäúåõ¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ íóÕöÍøõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÒóäöíøõ ÕóÇÍöÈõ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö¡ æóÃóÈõæ íõæÓõÝó æóãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÇáúÍóÓóäö ÕóÇÍöÈóÇ ÃóÈöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó (1) æóáóÇ íóÕöÍøõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó áöãóäú ÑóÂåõãóÇ æóÚóÇÔóÑóåõãóÇ ØóæöíáðÇ æóáóãú íóÃúÎõÐú ÚóäúåõãóÇ¡ Ãóäøóåõ ÕóÇÍöÈñ áóåõãóÇ.
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ Úóäö ÇáÔøõÈúåóÉö ÇáúÃõæáóì: ÃóäøóÇ áóÇ äõÓóáøöãõ Ãóäøó ÇÓúãó ÇáÕøóÇÍöÈö áóÇ íõØúáóÞõ ÅöáøóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãõßóÇËöÑö ÇáúãõáóÇÒöãö¡ æóáóÇ íóáúÒóãõ ãöäú ÕöÍøóÉö ÅöØúáóÇÞö ÇÓúãö ÇáÕøóÇÍöÈö Úóáóì ÇáúãõáóÇÒöãö ÇáúãõßóÇËöÑö ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøõæóÑö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÔúåóÏö ÈöåóÇ ÇãúÊöäóÇÚõ ÅöØúáóÇÞöåö Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåö¡ Èóáú íóÌöÈõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó ÈöÕöÍøóÉö ÅöØúáóÇÞö Ðóáößó Úóáóì ÇáúãõßóÇËöÑö æóÛóíúÑöåö ÍóÞöíÞóÉð¡ äóÙóÑðÇ Åöáóì ãóÇ æóÞóÚó Èöåö ÇáöÇÔúÊöÑóÇßõ äóÝúíðÇ áöáÊøóÌóæøõÒö¡ æóÇáöÇÔúÊöÑóÇßõ Úóäö ÇááøóÝúÙö æóÕöÍøóÉö ÇáäøóÝúíö ÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó áöÃóäøó ÇáÕøóÇÍöÈó Ýöí ÃóÕúáö ÇáúæóÖúÚö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó áöãóäú ÞóáøóÊú ÕõÍúÈóÊõåõ Ãóæú ßóËõÑóÊú¡ ÛóíúÑó Ãóäøóåõ Ýöí ÚõÑúÝö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö áöãóäú ØóÇáóÊú ÕõÍúÈóÊõåõ¡ ÝóÅöäú ÃõÑöíÏó äóÝúíõ ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö ÈöÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúÚõÑúÝöíøö ÝóÍóÞøñ¡ æóÅöäú ÃõÑöíÏó äóÝúíõåóÇ ÈöÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúÃóÕúáöíøö ÝóáóÇ íóÕöÍøõ.
æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ÚóãøóÇ Þöíáó ãöäö ÇÔúÊöÑóÇØö ÃóÎúÐö ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö Úóäúåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ.
æóÅöÐóÇ ÚõÑöÝó Ðóáößó¡ Ýóáóæú ÞóÇáó ãóäú ÚóÇÕóÑó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóäóÇ ÕóÍóÇÈöíøñ ãóÚó ÅöÓúáóÇãöåö æóÚóÏóÇáóÊöåö¡ ÝóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ ÕöÏúÞõåõ.
æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú áóÇ íõÕóÏøóÞó Ýöí Ðóáößó¡ áößóæúäöåö ãõÊøóåóãðÇ ÈöÏóÚúæóì ÑõÊúÈóÉò íõËúÈöÊõåóÇ áöäóÝúÓöåö¡ ßóãóÇ áóæú ÞóÇáó: ÃóäóÇ ÚóÏúáñ¡ Ãóæú ÔóåöÏó áöäóÝúÓöåö ÈöÍóÞøò.
åóÐóÇ ãóÇ ÃóÑóÏúäóÇåõ ãöäó ÇáÔøõÑõæØö ÇáúãõÚúÊóÈóÑóÉö.
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(1) ÇáúãõÒóäöíøõ åõæó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ Èúäõ íóÍúíóì Èúäö ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó ÃóÈõæ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúãöÕúÑöíøõ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ ãóÇÊó ÓóäóÉó 264 åÜ Úóäú 89 ÓóäóÉð¡ æóÃóÈõæ íõæÓõÝó åõæó íóÚúÞõæÈõ Èúäõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑöíøõ ÇáúßõæÝöíøõ ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøõ ÇáúÞóÇÖöí¡ ãóÇÊó ÓóäóÉó 182¡ æóãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÇáúÍóÓóäö åõæó ÃóÈõæ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö ÇáÔøóíúÈóÇäöíøõ ãóÇÊó ÓóäóÉó 189.

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æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÔøõÑõæØõ ÇáøóÊöí Ùõäøó ÃóäøóåóÇ ÔõÑõæØñ¡ æóáóíúÓóÊú ßóÐóáößó.
ÝóÔõÑõæØñ: ãöäúåóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ãöäú ÔóÑúØö ÞóÈõæáö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÇáúÚóÏóÏõ¡ Èóáú íóßúÝöí Ýöí ÇáúÞóÈõæáö ÎóÈóÑõ ÇáúÚóÏúáö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö¡ ÎöáóÇÝðÇ áöáúÌõÈøóÇÆöíøö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: áóÇ íõÞúÈóáõ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íõÖóÇÝó Åöáóíúåö ÎóÈóÑõ ÚóÏúáò ÂÎóÑó¡ Ãóæú ãõæóÇÝóÞóÉñ ÙóÇåöÑðÇ¡ æóÃóäú íóßõæäó ãõäúÊóÔöÑðÇ ÝöíãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ Ãóæú Úóãóáó Èöåö ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóäõÞöáó Úóäúåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íõÞúÈóáõ ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ Ýöí ÇáÒøöäóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉò.
æóÇáúæóÌúåõ Ýöí ÇáöÇÍúÊöÌóÇÌö æóÇáöÇäúÝöÕóÇáö ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó Ýöí ãóÓúÃóáóÉö æõÌõæÈö ÇáÊøóÚóÈøõÏö ÈöÎóÈóÑö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóáóíúÓó ãöäú ÔóÑúØöåö ÇáÐøõßõæÑóÉõ áöãóÇ ÇÔúÊõåöÑó ãöäú ÃóÎúÐö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÈöÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö¡ ßóãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó ÈóíóÇäõåõ¡ æóáóÇ ÇáúÈóÕóÑõ¡ Èóáú íóÌõæÒõ ÞóÈõæáõ ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÇáÖøóÑöíÑö ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÍóÇÝöÙðÇ áöãóÇ íóÓúãóÚõåõ æóáóåõ ÂáóÉõ ÃóÏóÇÆöåö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉõ ÊóÑúæöí Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ãóÇ ÊóÓúãóÚõåõ ãöäú ÕóæúÊöåóÇ¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÑóæúäó ÔóÎúÕóåóÇ: æóáóÇ ÚóÏóãõ ÇáúÞóÑóÇÈóÉö¡ Èóáú ÊóÌõæÒõ ÑöæóÇíóÉõ ÇáúæóáóÏö¡ æóÈöÇáúÚóßúÓö áöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ æóáóÇ ÚóÏóãõ ÇáúÚóÏóÇæóÉöº áöÃóäøó Íõßúãó ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö ÚóÇãøñ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÎúÊóÕøõ ÈöæóÇÍöÏò ãõÚóíøóäò¡ ÍóÊøóì Êóßõæäó ÇáúÚóÏóÇæóÉõ ãõÄóËøöÑóÉð Ýöíåö¡ æóáóÇ ÇáúÍõÑøöíøóÉõ¡ Èóáú åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãõæÑõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÊõÔúÊóÑóØõ Ýöí ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö.
æóáóÇ íõÔúÊóÑóØõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí ÇáÑøóÇæöí Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõßúËöÑðÇ ãöäú ÓóãóÇÚö ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËö ãóÔúåõæÑó ÇáäøóÓóÈö¡ áöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö Úóáóì ÞóÈõæáö ÑöæóÇíóÉö ãóäú áóãú íóÑúæö Óöæóì ÎóÈóÑò æóÇÍöÏò æóÚóáóì ÞóÈõæáö ÑöæóÇíóÉö ãóäú áóÇ íõÚúÑóÝõ äóÓóÈõåõ¡ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãõÔúÊóãöáðÇ Úóáóì ÇáÔøóÑóÇÆöØö ÇáúãõÚúÊóÈóÑóÉö.
æóáóÇ íõÔúÊóÑóØõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÝóÞöíåðÇ ÚóÇáöãðÇ ÈöÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉö æóÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÎóÈóÑö.
æóÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäóÊú ÑöæóÇíóÊõåõ ãõæóÇÝöÞóÉð áöáúÞöíóÇÓö Ãóæú ãõÎóÇáöÝóÉð ÎöáóÇÝðÇ áöÃóÈöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó ÝöíãóÇ íõÎóÇáöÝõ ÇáúÞöíóÇÓó¡ áöÞóæúáöåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «äóÖøóÑó Çááøóåõ ÇãúÑóÃð ÓóãöÚó ãóÞóÇáóÊöí ÝóæóÚóÇåóÇ» " Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: " «ÝóÑõÈøó ÍóÇãöáö ÝöÞúåò áóíúÓó ÈöÝóÞöíåò» " ÏóÚóÇ áóåõ æóÃóÞóÑøóåõ Úóáóì ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö: æóáóæú áóãú íóßõäú ãóÞúÈõæáó ÇáúÞóæúáö áóãóÇ ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó¡ æóáöÃóäøó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó ÓóãöÚõæÇ ÃóÎúÈóÇÑó ÂÍóÇÏò áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ÝõÞóåóÇÁó ßóãóÇ ÐóßóÑúäóÇåõ ÝöíãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ æóáöÃóäøó ÇáöÇÚúÊöãóÇÏó Úóáóì ÎóÈóÑö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ ãöäó ÇáÑøóÇæöí ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÚóÏúáðÇ ãõÊóÏóíøöäðÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÑúæöí ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ íóÊóÍóÞøóÞõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáøóÐöí ÓóãöÚóåõ.

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